Table 2 Comparison of outcomes between the intervention and control group

 Physical functioning

83.05 ± 16.24

79.41 ± 15.68

1.240

0.217^a

 Role physical, M [IQR]

100.00 [50.00]

50.00 [100.00]

− 2.429

0.015^b

 Bodily pain

65.75 ± 16.85

55.29 ± 17.17

3.340

0.001^a

 General health

59.05 ± 17.73

49.95 ± 20.71

2.565

0.012^a

 Vitality

70.25 ± 15.04

65.34 ± 18.19

1.600

0.112^a

 Social functioning

83.31 ± 18.30

73.54 ± 18.08

2.917

0.004^a

 Role emotional

81.36 ± 34.61

61.02 ± 43.84

2.797

0.006^a

 Mental health

72.88 ± 13.96

65.97 ± 15.64

2.534

0.013^a

BDI-II, M [IQR]

3.00 [5.00]

5.00 [13.00]

− 1.980

0.048^b

BASFI, M [IQR]

1.00 [1.40]

1.40 [1.60]

− 1.764

0.078^b

BAS-G

3.28 ± 2.10

3.68 ± 1.94

− 1.060

0.291^a

Overall pain

3.05 ± 1.87

3.25 ± 1.92

− 0.583

0.561^a

Back pain

3.19 ± 2.16

2.93 ± 2.03

0.658

0.512^a

Nocturnal pain

2.83 ± 2.10

2.86 ± 2.18

− 0.086

0.932^a

Morning stiffness

2.42 ± 1.93

2.64 ± 1.64

− 0.672

0.503^a