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Fig. 1 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Fig. 1

From: An update on targeted therapies in systemic sclerosis based on a systematic review from the last 3 years

Fig. 1

The pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. The highly specific mesenchymal cell activation and related fibrosis underlying systemic sclerosis are thought to be induced by vascular injury and endothelial activation leading to an uncontrolled inflammatory/immune reaction. The main actors and players are indicated in the cartoon together with the targets of recently performed clinical trials. VEGF = vascular-endothelial growth factor. PF4 = platelet-factor 4. DAMPS = damage-associated molecular patterns. TLR4 = toll-like receptor 4. IFNAR = interferon receptor. JAK = Janus kinase. PPAR = peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. LPA = lysophosphatidic acid receptor. ROS = reactive oxygen species. TGF = tissue growth factor. CTGF = connective tissue growth factor. PDGF = platelet-derived growth factor. ECM = extracellular matrix

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Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

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