Clinical risk factors associated with radiographic osteoarthritis progression among people with knee pain: a longitudinal study

Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted (multivariable) associations between independent variables (clinical and fixed variables) and radiographic OA progression (JSN ≥ 0 .5mm)

Independent variables	Exposed with progression	Non-exposed with progression	Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	p-value
*Radiographic OA progression (R* ² *= 16%)*
*Clinical factors*
Use of NSAIDs	15.0%	10.3%	1.53 (0.86, 2.72)	2.05 (1.10, 3.84)	0.025
Inadequate physical activity	13.2%	6.8%	2.08 (0.96, 4.53)	2.07 (0.92, 4.68)	0.080
*Fixed variables*
Minimal joint space width (<3.13mm)	23.3%	8.1%	3.44 (1.95, 6.05)	2.53 (1.31, 4.88)	0.006
Varus alignment (≤178°)	26.0%	9.3%	3.45 (1.86, 6.39)	2.23 (1.09, 4.57)	0.028
Disease severity (K&L grade ≥2)	17.3%	7.0%	2.80 (1.57, 5.01)	1.88 (0.98, 3.58)	0.056
Age (>60 years)	12.5%	10.6%	1.20 (0.69,2.10)	1.02 (0.56, 1.87)	0.939
Sex (female)	10.3%	13.4%	0.74 (0.43, 1.28)	0.88 (0.48, 1.60)	0.666
Obesity^a	11.8%	11.5%	1.02 (0.59, 1.77)	1.17 (0.64, 2.14)	0.603
High blood pressure	10.4%	12.2%	0.84 (0.46, 1.52)	0.65 (0.34, 1.25)	0.198
High baseline pain (WOMAC pain >10)	7.1%	13.0%	0.52 (0.24, 1.13)	0.52 (0.23, 1.18)	0.118
No glucosamine/chondroitin combination	12.5%	9.3%	1.39 (0.71, 2.71)	1.26 (0.62, 2.56)	0.521

^aObesity defined as body mass index ≥30 kg/m² and/or high waist circumference (>102 cm for men, >88 cm for women)
NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, K&L Kellgren and Lawrence, WOMAC Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA index

ISSN: 1478-6362