Fig. 1

IL-1β and IL-1Ra production after urate priming of PBMCs in vitro. Freshly isolated PBMCs from 85 healthy volunteers were exposed to culture medium (RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% human pooled serum) in the presence or absence of urate (UA) 10 or 50 mg/dL. After 24 h, urate was removed, and cells were stimulated with LPS 10 ng/mL in the presence or absence of MSU crystals (300 μg/mL). IL-1β (A-B) and IL-1Ra (C-D) were measured in the supernatants of cells, data are representative of 3 independent experiments using a total of 85 different healthy volunteers of the 200FG cohort, graphs depict means+/−SEM. UA, uric acid/urate. *, Friedman test and post-hoc analysis p < 0.05