Fig. 3

Translocation markers in serum of axSpA patients. I-FABP and LBP levels were determined by ELISA in serum samples of axSpA patients and healthy controls (HC). A I-FABP levels in axSpA patients (n = 29) and HC (n = 11) of cohort 1. B LBP serum levels in axSpA patients (n = 29) compared to HC (n = 11) of cohort 1. C LBP levels in axSpA patients stratified according to disease activity into patients with active disease defined by BASDAI ≥ 4 (n = 19) and patients with inactive disease (BASDAI < 4, n = 13). D LBP levels in patients classified as non-radiographic axSpA (nr-axSpA, n = 10) and patients classified as ankylosing spondylitis (AS, n = 19) of cohort 1. E LBP levels in axSpA patients of cohort 3 (GIANT cohort) grouped according to microscopic gut inflammation graded as no inflammation (w/o. inf.; n = 30), acute (n = 25), and chronic inflammation (n = 25). In A–D, Mann-Whitney U test was used for two group comparisons and Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s post test for multiple group testing. In E, T test was used (after confirmed normal distribution). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001