Table 1 Patients’ characteristics and clinical symptoms
| Â | PAI (n = 24) | Without PAI (n = 142) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Patients’ characteristics | |||
 Duration from onset (years) | 20.7 ± 14.6 | 21.4 ± 15.6 | 0.835 |
 Observation period (years) | 7.8 ± 6.8 | 9.1 ± 6.8 | 0.355 |
 Onset age | 33.5 ± 13.1 | 30.1 ± 15.8 | 0.325 |
 Age at surveillance | 54.5 ± 17.0 | 52.2 ± 17.7 | 0.564 |
 Female | 22 (91.7%) | 130 (91.6%) | 1.000 |
Symptoms | |||
Systemic manifestation | |||
 Fever | 2 (9.5%) | 33 (25.8%) | 0.163 |
 General fatigue | 7 (33.3%) | 54 (42.5%) | 0.481 |
 Hypertension | 8 (38.1%) | 53 (40.8%) | 1.000 |
Head and neck | |||
 Dizziness | 8 (38.1%) | 48 (37.2%) | 1.000 |
 Headache | 7 (33.3%) | 36 (27.9%) | 0.610 |
 Syncope | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (6.3%) | 0.602 |
Eyes | |||
 Eye symptoms | 4 (20.0%) | 26 (20.5%) | 1.000 |
 Visual disorder | 2 (9.5%) | 13 (10.1%) | 1.000 |
Heart and lung | |||
 Dyspnea | 5 (25.0%) | 11 (8.6%) | 0.044 |
 Chest compression | 6 (30.0%) | 16 (12.5%) | 0.082 |
 Hemosputum | 1 (4.8%) | 2 (1.6%) | 0.368 |
 Heart murmur | 8 (40.0%) | 40 (31.8%) | 0.455 |
 Ischemic heart disease | 6 (28.6%) | 12 (9.2%) | 0.022 |
 Aortic valve regurgitation | 12 (57.1%) | 55 (41.3%) | 0.236 |
 PAH | 4 (16.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.001 |
Upper limbs | |||
 Pulselessness | 5 (23.8%) | 31 (24.6%) | 1.000 |
 BP discrepancies between arms | 5 (25.0%) | 44 (34.1%) | 0.610 |
 Fatigue of upper limbs | 5 (25.0%) | 41 (32.3%) | 0.611 |
Aorta | |||
 Aortic aneurysm | 1 (4.8%) | 14 (10.9%) | 0.696 |
Kidney | |||
 Renal artery stenosis | 0 (0.0%) | 22 (18.5%) | 0.043 |
 Renal disorder | 2 (9.5%) | 18 (13.9%) | 0.741 |
Infection | |||
 Serious infection | 7 (29.2%) | 17 (12.7%) | 0.059 |
 Respiratory infection | 6 (25.0%) | 8 (6.0%) | 0.009 |
 Nontuberculous mycobacterium | 5 (20.8%) | 1 (0.8%) | <0.001 |
Treatment | |||
 Glucocorticoid | 21 (87.5%) | 110 (77.5%) | 0.416 |
 Maximum glucocortioid (PSL) | 31.1 ± 3.2 | 33.4 ± 1.4 | 0.508 |
 Immunosuppressants | 6 (26.1%) | 54 (38.9%) | 0.351 |
 Biologics | 5 (22.7%) | 17 (12.2%) | 0.206 |
 GC only | 11 (47.8%) | 55 (39.6%) | 0.455 |
 GC + IS | 3 (12.5%) | 37 (26.1%) | 0.200 |
 GC + biologics | 2 (8.7%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0.009 |
 GC + IS + biologics | 3 (13.0%) | 15 (10.8%) | 0.750 |
 Antiplatelet therapy | 11 (52.4%) | 86 (68.8%) | 0.210 |
 Anticoagulation therapy | 8 (38.1%) | 21 (17.1%) | 0.038 |
 Cardiovascular surgery | 2 (11.1%) | 33 (25.8%) | 0.242 |
 Catheter treatment | 3 (15.8%) | 25 (21.2%) | 0.764 |