Table 1 Patients’ characteristics, disease activities, treatment agents, and pregnancy outcomes
|  | (n = 74) | |
|---|---|---|
Patients’ characteristics | ||
 Mean age at delivery, years | 31.8 ± 4.4 | |
 Mean disease duration, years | 10.0 ± 5.1 | |
 Parity, n (%) | 40 (54.1) | |
 Autoantibody positivity | ||
  Anti-SS-A antibody, n (%) | 42 (56.8) | |
  Antiphospholipid antibodies, n (%) | 29 (39.2) | |
   LAC/anti-cardiolipin/anti-CLβ2GP1 | 23 (31.1)/10 (13.5)/3 (4.1) | |
   Number of positive antibodies (single/double/triple) | 22 (29.7)/6 (8.1)/1 (1.4) | |
 Disease activity parameters | First trimester (at conception) | Third trimester |
  Mean SLEDAI score | 1.8 ± 2.1 | 1.2 ± 1.9 |
  Achievement of LLDAS, n (%) | 40 (59.7) | 35 (58.3) |
  Achievement of LLDAS without a glucocorticoid dose, n (%) | 50 (74.6) | 50 (83.3) |
  C3, mg/dl | 89.8 ± 21.4 | 101.9 ± 23.1 |
  C4, mg/dl | 18.2 ± 6.7 | 17.9 ± 7.2 |
  CH50, IU/ml | 41.0 ± 9.6 | 42.7 ± 10.1 |
  Titer of anti-dsDNA antibody, IU/ml | 10.8 ± 32.6 | 5.8 ± 12.3 |
Status of treatment agents | ||
 Immunosuppressant use at conception, n (%) | 16 (21.6) | |
 Hydroxychloroquine use during pregnancy, n (%) | 10 (13.5) | |
 Glucocorticoid use | ||
  Use at conception, n (%) | 57 (77.0) | |
  Mean dose at conception, mg/day | 6.5 ± 3.2 | |
  Use during pregnancy, n (%) | 61 (82.4) | |
  Mean dose during pregnancy, mg/day | 8.4 ± 4.8 | |
  Increasing doses used, n (%) | 15 (20.3) | |
Pregnancy outcomes | (n = 74) | |
 Neonatal loss, n (%) | 15 (20.3) | |
  Spontaneous abortion, n (%) | 8 (10.8) | |
  Stillbirth, n (%) | 2 (2.7) | |
  Induced abortion, n (%) | 5 (6.8) | |
 Live birth, n (%) | 59 (79.7) | |
  Cesarean section, n (%) | 16 (27.1) | |
  Gestational age at delivery, weeks | 37.5 ± 3.0 | |
  Birth weight of newborns, g | 2643.3 ± 665.2 | |
 APOs, n (%) | 35 (50.7) | |
  Spontaneous abortion, n (%) | 8 (10.8) | |
  Stillbirth, n (%) | 2 (2.7) | |
  PB, n (%) | 14 (23.7) | |
  LBW newborns, n (%) | 23 (39.0) | |
  LFD newborns, n (%) | 10 (16.9) | |
  Preterm PROM, n (%) | 7 (11.9) | |
  Preeclampsia, n (%) | 5 (8.6) | |
  NICU administration, n (%) | 17 (28.8) | |