Fig. 1

HCQ increases the survival rate and protects against renal injury in mice with proteinuric LN. A Survival rate of the mice with proteinuric LN. CON (n = 21) and HCQ (n = 24). B Scr levels in the mice with proteinuric LN administered HCQ for 4 weeks. C Urinary protein levels in the mice with LN administered HCQ for 4 weeks. D Representative PAS staining and Masson staining images of the renal tissue of the mice with proteinuric LN. E Representative immunohistochemical staining of renal CD3 and immunofluorescence staining images of renal F4/80 in the mice with proteinuric LN. F, G Quantitative analysis of renal CD3- or F4/80-positive cells per high-power field (HPF). H Representative Sirius red staining images and immunohistochemical staining images of renal collagen I and α-SMA in the mice with proteinuric LN. I–K Quantitative analysis of renal Sirius red staining and collagen I- and α-SMA-positive areas per HPF. L, M Quantitative analysis of glomerular and tubular injury scores of the mice with proteinuric LN. N Renal mRNA level of IL-1β in the mice with LN administered HCQ for 4 weeks. O Renal mRNA level of TNF-α in the mice with LN administered HCQ for 4 weeks. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM for groups of 14 to 21 mice. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. Original magnification× 200