Fig. 1

Penfluridol is isolated as an anti-NF-κB activation drug. Penfluridol was identified as an anti-NF-κB activation drug stimulated by TNFα from a FDA-approved small-molecule drug library. NF-κB luciferase assay and bulk RNA-seq were used to confirm the inhibitory effect of penfluridol on TNFα-induced NF-κB activity. A The molecular structure of penfluridol (PF). B NF-κB luciferase assay of penfluridol at different doses in 293T. C Heat map analysis of down expression genes regulated by penfluridol after TNFα stimulation (n = 2). Penfluridol decreases a wide range of TNFα-induced gene expressions, including IL-1β and IL-6 indicated by a red rectangle. D Transcription factor enrichment analysis of RNA-Seq results. Penfluridol regulates a wide range of transcription factors, including RelA P65 and NF-κB1 P105. Experiments were performed for 3 biological replications, and one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to test statistical significance of the differences among groups (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01). PF: penfluridol