Fig. 4

Penfluridol alleviates severity of collagen-induced arthritis. Type II chicken collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model were adopted to assess the prevention and treatment effect of penfluridol in NF-κB-activated arthritis and drugs were given one time a day by oral gavage. Preventive treatment was administrating penfluridol starting from the 18th day after the first immunization while therapeutic treatment was administrating penfluridol when clinical score reached an average of 5 in each group. A Clinical score in preventive treatment. B Representative pictures of both front and hind paws in preventive treatment groups. C H&E staining of paraffin-embedded ankle slides in preventive treatment groups. D Quantitative analysis of inflammation score and pannus formation and cartilage damage score of C. E Serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 levels in preventive treatment groups, detected by ELISA. F Clinical scores in treatment groups. Six mice in each group. One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to test statistical significance of the differences among groups (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). PF: penfluridol