Fig. 5
FFSS promoted calcification and exosome formation in cultured condylar chondrocytes and changed the protein levels in exosomes. A FFSS promoted the formation of calcified nodules in cultured condylar chondrocytes (n = 6). Scale bar = 100 μm. B FFSS promoted the exosome formation of cultured condylar chondrocytes (n = 6). C FFSS changed the protein levels in exosomes, as demonstrated by decreased expression of MGP and increased expression of TNAP and NPP1 (n = 6). All data are presented as means ± SD. The data of compared groups were from the populations of Gaussian distribution and consistent with homogeneity of variance. Comparisons among groups were performed by one-way ANOVA, and it was followed by Tukey’s post hoc tests to evaluate the statistical significance in groups with the control group (0 dyn/cm2 group) respectively. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, compared with the control group (0 dyn/cm2 group)