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Table 2 Patient characteristics by definitions of disease state

From: ‘Not at target’: prevalence and consequences of inadequate disease control in systemic lupus erythematosus—a multinational observational cohort study

 

LLDAS

AMS

HDAS

Ever

Never

p-value

≤4

>4

p-value

Never

Ever

p-value

n=2529

n=813

n=1829

n=932

n=2533

n=851

Demographics

 Age at enrolment (years), median [IQR]

40 [31, 51]

37 [29, 48]

<0.001

41 [31, 52]

35 [27, 45]

<0.001

42 [32, 52]

34 [26, 44]

<0.001

 Age at diagnosis (years), median [IQR]

29 [22, 40]

27 [21, 36]

<0.001

30.5 [23, 41]

26 [20, 34]

<0.001

30 [22, 40]

26 [20, 34]

<0.001

 Disease duration (years), median [IQR]

8 [3, 15]

8 [3, 14]

0.38

7 [3, 14]

7 [3, 13]

0.5

9 [3, 16]

6 [2, 12]

<0.001

 Study duration (years), median [IQR]

2.9 [1, 4.8]

1 [0, 2.9]

<0.001

3.0 [1.6, 4.7]

3.1 [1.7, 4.9]

0.09

2.0 [0.2, 4]

3.3 [1.7, 5.1]

<0.001

 Total visits, median [IQR]

9 [4, 15]

4 [1, 9]

<0.001

9 [5, 14]

9 [5, 15]

0.02

6 [2, 10]

10 [6, 19]

<0.001

 Females, n (%)

2324 (91.9)

747 (92.3)

0.7

1698 (92.8)

865 (92.8)

0.9

2314 (91.5)

796 (93.5)

0.059

 Asian ethnicity, n (%)

2129 (86.1)

719 (91.6)

<0.001

1541 (85.7)

822 (89.1)

0.013

2121 (87.1)

747 (88.3)

0.4

Serological profile at enrolment, n (%)

 ANA positivity

2235 (89.0)

673 (83.1)

<0.001

1699 (93.3)

847 (91.1)

0.028

2155 (86.0)

784 (92.1)

<0.001

 Anti-dsDNA positivity

1807 (71.9)

599 (74.0)

0.3

1314 (72.4)

798 (85.7)

<0.001

1734 (69.2)

696 (81.8)

<0.001

 Low complement

1567 (62.4)

527 (65.1)

0.17

1159 (63.9)

680 (73.0)

<0.001

1527 (60.9)

589 (69.1)

<0.001

Clinical profile, n (%)

 AMS, median [IQR]

2.5 [1.1, 4.0]

5.5 [3.7, 8.0]

<0.001

2.0 [0.7, 3.0]

5.9 [4.8, 7.7]

<0.001

2.1 [0.9, 3.7]

5.8 [4.2, 7.9]

<0.001

 TAM PGA, median [IQR]

0.4 [0.2, 0.6]

0.9 [0.5, 1.2]

<0.001

0.3 [0.1, 0.5]

0.8 [0.5, 1.1]

<0.001

0.3 [0.2, 0.6]

0.7 [0.4, 1.0]

<0.001

 TAM PNL, median [IQR]

4.6 [1.5, 7.3]

10.1 [8, 15]

<0.001

4.3 [0.9, 7.5]

8.3 [5, 12.2]

<0.001

4.6 [1.0, 7.5]

8.3 [5, 12.3]

<0.001

 Percent time in LLDAS, median [IQR]

55.6 [33.3, 81]

0

<0.001

60.4 [34.1, 85]

11.0 [0, 34]

<0.001

55.5 [20.5, 83]

18.8 [0, 44]

<0.001

 Flare (mild/moderate/severe) ever

1352 (53.4)

410 (50.4)

0.14

948 (51.8)

784 (84.1)

<0.001

1022 (40.3)

740 (87.0)

<0.001

 Organ damage present at recruitment (SDI > 0)

910 (39.3)

318 (44.2)

0.018

622 (34.6)

348 (37.9)

0.084

857 (38.1)

308 (37.5)

0.8

 Damage accrual during the study period (change in SDI > 0)

380 (16.4)

104 (14.5)

0.2

326 (18.1)

235 (25.6)

<0.001

345 (15.3)

216 (26.3)

<0.001

 Deaths

27 (1.1)

31 (3.8)

<0.001

19 (1.0)

31 (3.3)

<0.001

23 (0.9)

35 (4.1)

<0.001

SF36, median [IQR]

 TAM PCS

49.5 [44, 56]

48.4 [42, 52]

0.009

49.7 [44, 54]

48.4 [43, 53]

0.003

49.8 [44, 54]

48.1 [43, 52]

<0.001

 TAM MCS

49.7 [44, 54]

46.1 [39, 52]

<0.001

49.7 [43, 54]

48.1 [42, 53]

<0.001

49.7 [43, 54]

48.1 [42, 53]

<0.001

  1. p-values were calculated using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for median comparisons and chi-squared tests for proportion comparison. IQR interquartile range, AMS time-adjusted mean SLEDAI-2K, PGA physician global assessment of disease activity (0–3), PNL prednisolone, TAM time-adjusted mean, LLDAS lupus low disease activity state, SDI SLICC-ACR Damage Index, HDAS high disease activity status, SA serological activity, GC glucocorticoid use, SF36 Short Form 36 (v2)
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

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