Fig. 5

Quantitative analysis of renal biopsy features with B cell IFNβ. A The distribution of LN classification in patients with low (lower 50%) versus high (upper 50%) B cell IFNβ. The p value (chi-squared test) is shown above the plot (n = 33). B–F The histologic features were analyzed using renal biopsy specimens available from 23 SLE patients. For each histologic feature, the individual percentage of IFNβ⁺ naïve B cells was plotted for each subject and indicated by the data-point on the graph, ranging from 0 to 100%. Histologic features associated with active glomerular lesions (B), chronic glomerular lesions (C), activity index and chronicity index (high: above the mean; low: below the mean) (D), membranous patterns of spike/holes (E), and tubulointerstitial lesions (F). The p value for each comparison is indicated as the number above the groups. Statistically significant differences are indicated in red. (data are mean ± SD; two-tailed Mann-Whitney test)