Effects of local cryotherapy on systemic endothelial activation, dysfunction, and vascular inflammation in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats

Table 2 Clinical, structural, and biological parameters

	Arthritis score	Radiographic score	TNF-α (pg/ml)	IL-1β (pg/ml)	IL-6 (pg/ml)	IL-17A (pg/ml)	OPG (pg/ml)
“Endothelial activation” series
Control	n.d.	n.d.	4.6 ± 0.9	26.1 ± 4.9	15.7 ± 1.8	2.7 ± 0.6	n.d.
AIA	4.0 ± 0.3	22.2 ± 1.9	15.3 ± 1.5^###	64.5 ± 5.9^###	65.0 ± 9.0^##	25.8 ± 2.8^###	n.d.
AIA-cryo	2.4 ± 0.3***	14.8 ± 1.5**	12.8 ± 1.2	59.7 ± 5.5	44.8 ± 3.1*	15.5 ± 2.1**	n.d.
“Leucocyte infiltration” series
Control	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
AIA	5.0 ± 0.2	21.0 ± 2.5	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
AIA-cryo	3.0 ± 0.3**	14.7 ± 1.0*	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
“Endothelial function” series
Control	n.d.	n.d.	5.3 ± 4.5	17.2 ± 4.1	5.8 ± 2.4	5.5 ± 1.3	208.5 ± 26.7
AIA	4.6 ± 0.2	25.2 ± 1.9	5.1 ± 1.4	25.3 ± 3.7	28.3 ± 3.7^###	23.6 ± 2.1^###	220.8 ± 21.0
AIA-cryo	3.1 ± 0.2**	18.3 ± 1.7*	9.8 ± 5.1	31.3 ± 11.9	19.3 ± 3.4	18.1 ± 1.3*	170.3 ± 10.7*

Values are expressed as means ± SEM (n=7–12 rats per group). The treatment was applied from day 10 (onset of arthritis) to day 24 (acute inflammatory phase) for “endothelial activation” and “leucocyte infiltration” series, and until day 33 for “endothelial function” series. Cytokines and OPG were measured in plasma. n.d.: not determined
^## p<0.01, ^### p<0.001 vs control, * p<0.05, **p<0.01, *** p<0.001 vs AIA

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