Table 2 The percentage changes and EAPCs of death and DALYs caused by RHD from 1990 to 2019 globally, and in sexes, SDI areas, and geographic regions

Overall

305.65 (259.22 to 340.49)

3.85 (3.29 to 4.29)

− 15.60

− 2.98 (− 3.03 to − 2.94)

10,673.88 (9207.38 to 12,121.61)

132.88 (115.02 to 150.34)

− 18.94

− 2.70 (− 2.75 to − 2.65)

 Male

131.72 (113.45 to 159.9)

3.62 (3.14 to 4.37)

− 13.40

− 2.86 (− 2.88 to − 2.83)

4833.46 (4121.95 to 5729.11)

123.51 (105.78 to 145.93)

− 15.91

− 2.53 (− 2.56 to − 2.49)

 Female

173.93 (140.65 to 208.09)

4.06 (3.29 to 4.85)

− 17.20

− 3.10 (− 3.17 to − 3.03)

5840.42 (4813.98 to 6963.02)

141.99 (117.47 to 168.62)

− 21.30

− 2.85 (− 2.92 to − 2.77)

 Low

47.51 (39.42 to 55.97)

8.50 (6.99 to 10.15)

23.75

− 1.87 (− 1.95 to − 1.79)

2191.85 (1819.05 to 2580.12)

275.50 (228.02 to 324.57)

25.52

− 1.87 (− 1.96 to − 1.79)

 Low-middle

113.46 (85.23 to 135.03)

8.35 (6.34 to 9.95)

7.07

− 2.45 (− 2.54 to − 2.36)

4268.61 (3371.73 to 5010.50)

266.56 (207.28 to 313.76)

− 0.26

− 2.35 (− 2.44 to − 2.26)

 Middle

82.95 (70.81 to 93.79)

3.72 (3.17 to 4.23)

− 32.65

− 4.08 (− 4.14 to − 4.02)

2773.06 (2416.94 to 3165.51)

112.05 (97.74 to 127.84)

− 37.29

− 3.81 (− 3.87 to − 3.74)

 High-middle

36.96 (33.18 to 40.19)

1.90 (1.70 to 2.07)

− 45.08

− 4.53 (− 4.67 to − 4.39)

1021.63 (914.61 to 1141.70)

56.12 (49.74 to 63.59)

− 51.67

− 4.54 (− 4.67 to − 4.41)

 High

24.62 (20.84 to 27.18)

1.13 (0.98 to 1.24)

− 9.50

− 3.00 (− 3.20 to − 2.81)

411.43 (372.56 to 448.62)

22.83 (20.92 to 24.88)

− 31.48

− 3.44 (− 3.70 to − 3.17)

 East Asia

72.40 (60.32 to 83.88)

4.01 (3.34 to 4.63)

− 46.40

− 5.00 (− 5.12 to − 4.89)

1778.09 (1498.96 to 2041.20)

94.12 (79.47 to 108.54)

− 56.56

− 5.14 (− 5.24 to − 5.04)

 South Asia

155.98 (119.89 to 187.68)

1.30 (1.11 to 1.48)

25.40

− 2.28 (− 2.43 to − 2.13)

5755.42 (4558.37 to 6820.45)

58.53 (50.19 to 67.44)

12.95

− 2.16 (− 2.29 to − 2.03)

 Southeast Asia

7.77 (6.69 to 8.85)

16.06 (10.07 to 24.64)

− 26.47

− 3.73 (− 3.82 to − 3.63)

397.46 (338.91 to 459.41)

627.42 (404.06 to 918.03)

− 20.45

− 2.74 (− 2.79 to − 2.69)

 Central Asia

3.29 (2.83 to 3.77)

4.16 (3.64 to 4.69)

− 16.82

− 2.51 (− 2.83 to − 2.19)

147.63 (125.87 to 172.89)

161.24 (138.56 to 187.45)

− 20.04

− 3.04 (− 3.40 to − 2.68)

 High-income Asia Pacific

5.11 (3.84 to 5.9)

1.30 (1.14 to 1.47)

51.09

− 3.04 (− 3.10 to − 2.98)

62.42 (51.83 to 69.51)

33.27 (29.12 to 37.55)

− 14.85

− 3.75 (− 3.82 to − 3.67)

 Oceania

1.50 (0.94 to 2.24)

1.32 (1.16 to 1.49)

84.17

− 0.64 (− 0.74 to − 0.55)

74.50 (48.60 to 107.66)

44.73 (39.39 to 50.56)

85.86

− 0.46 (− 0.57 to − 0.35)

 Australasia

0.61 (0.52 to 0.70)

0.81 (0.64 to 0.93)

6.30

− 2.56 (− 2.79 to − 2.33)

11.47 (10.17 to 12.90)

13.20 (11.53 to 14.46)

− 17.41

− 2.88 (− 3.10 to − 2.67)

 Eastern Europe

4.36 (3.83 to 4.91)

1.17 (1.01 to 1.33)

− 68.08

− 5.58 (− 6.07 to − 5.09)

139.01 (122.23 to 156.95)

26.06 (23.14 to 29.22)

− 70.49

− 5.78 (− 6.27 to − 5.29)

 Western Europe

16.19 (13.65 to 18.14)

1.47 (1.27 to 1.63)

− 7.84

− 2.52 (− 2.65 to − 2.39)

229.98 (204.56 to 251.23)

25.02 (22.79 to 27.15)

− 34.82

− 3.31 (− 3.49 to − 3.12)

 Central Europe

2.76 (2.42 to 3.11)

2.18 (1.81 to 2.57)

− 68.67

− 5.72 (− 6.14 to − 5.29)

63.34 (55.48 to 71.10)

60.62 (49.8 to 73.88)

− 75.80

− 6.23 (− 6.71 to − 5.76)

 High-income North America

6.79 (5.93 to 7.42)

1.00 (0.89 to 1.09)

− 18.80

− 3.10 (− 3.45 to − 2.76)

141.20 (126.97 to 157.25)

23.79 (21.53 to 26.44)

− 27.34

− 3.22 (− 3.62 to − 2.82)

 Andean Latin America

0.63 (0.51 to 0.78)

2.46 (1.78 to 3.44)

− 15.50

− 3.75 (− 3.85 to − 3.65)

42.24 (31.31 to 56.12)

142.02 (105.28 to 189.56)

4.92

− 2.33 (− 2.45 to − 2.21)

 Central Latin America

1.66 (1.42 to 1.92)

1.13 (0.90 to 1.39)

− 40.37

− 5.16 (− 5.38 to − 4.95)

91.82 (72.94 to 116.67)

67.40 (50.19 to 88.85)

− 31.38

− 3.94 (− 4.19 to − 3.69)

 Caribbean

1.22 (0.89 to 1.71)

0.70 (0.60 to 0.81)

− 13.98

− 2.12 (− 2.27 to − 1.96)

68.58 (50.94 to 90.78)

36.38 (29.05 to 46.02)

− 13.64

− 1.63 (− 1.80 to − 1.47)

 Tropical Latin America

2.77 (2.55 to 2.96)

1.15 (1.06 to 1.23)

− 11.62

− 3.05 (− 3.15 to − 2.94)

188.94 (147.04 to 244.65)

79.03 (61.33 to 102.28)

− 5.98

− 2.03 (− 2.07 to − 2.00)

 Southern Latin America

1.86 (1.54 to 2.20)

1.65 (1.35 to 2.00)

− 26.33

− 3.64 (− 3.76 to − 3.53)

46.52 (38.52 to 55.80)

67.07 (54.15 to 82.44)

− 32.79

− 3.29 (− 3.42 to − 3.16)

 Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa

4.69 (3.86 to 5.57)

11.18 (8.62 to 13.40)

− 6.58

− 2.63 (− 2.72 to − 2.55)

423.97 (319.46 to 558.81)

348.46 (272.37 to 412.24)

28.13

− 2.00 (− 2.07 to − 1.94)

 Southern Sub-Saharan Africa

1.37 (1.15 to 1.64)

3.96 (2.44 to 6.40)

− 4.78

− 2.03 (− 2.38 to − 1.68)

99.85 (78.75 to 123.99)

161.30 (114.77 to 227.69)

5.73

− 1.49 (− 1.71 to − 1.26)

 Western Sub-Saharan Africa

5.05 (4.04 to 6.49)

2.45 (2.01 to 2.95)

− 19.19

− 3.43 (− 3.58 to − 3.28)

376.69 (285.46 to 495.50)

122.36 (96.10 to 152.73)

20.62

− 2.51 (− 2.65 to − 2.36)

 North Africa and Middle East

7.40 (5.90 to 9.15)

2.18 (1.86 to 2.56)

− 25.14

− 3.59 (− 3.73 to − 3.44)

379.36 (305.22 to 469.08)

128.96 (103.43 to 158.74)

− 27.42

− 3.38 (− 3.51 to − 3.25)

 Central Sub-Saharan Africa

2.25 (1.40 to 3.63)

2.42 (1.97 to 3.01)

22.98

− 1.86 (− 2.07 to − 1.65)

155.37 (110.99 to 213.80)

105.13 (82.44 to 132.56)

49.49

− 1.64 (− 1.78 to − 1.50)