Increased Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to autophagy inhibition resulting from a dietary magnesium deficiency in injury-induced osteoarthritis

Table 1 Experimental diet composition

Composition	Control diet	Low-magnesium diet
Magnesium (mg/kg)^a	500.00^b	300.00 or 100.00
Other essential mineral elements (mg/kg)
Phosphorus	1561.00
Potassium	3600.00
Sulfur	300.00
Sodium	1019.00
Chloride	1571.00
Calcium	5000.00
Iron	35.00
Zinc	30.00
Manganese	10.00
Copper	6.00
Iodine	0.20
Molybdenum	0.15
Selenium	0.15
Potentially beneficial mineral elements (mg/kg)^c
Silicon	5.00
Chromium	1.00
Fluoride	1.00
Nickel	0.50
Boron	0.50
Lithium	0.10
Vanadium	0.10
Common ingredients (g/kg)
Cornstarch	397.49
Casein (≥ 85%protein)	200.00
Dextrinized cornstarch	132.00
Sucrose	100.00
Soybean oil (no additives)	70.00
Fiber	50.00
Vitamin mix ^d	10.00
L-Cystine	3.00
Choline bitartrate (41% choline)	2.50
Tert-butylhydroquinone	0.014

^aA similar composition was used in all the experimental groups, except for the addition of MgO to provide (per kg) 500.00 mg of Mg in the control and 300.00 mg and 100.00 mg of Mg in low magnesium diets
^bThe control diet follows the recommendations of American Institute of Nutrition (AIN-93G)
^cAlthough biochemical functions have not been described, and essentiality has not been firmly established for any of these elements, feeding diets with very low quantities of some of them may result in negative effects on growth, reproductive performance in a variety of animals
^dVitamin mixture expressed in per kg diet: Nicotinic acid, 30 mg; pantothenate, 15 mg; pyridoxine, 6 mg; thiamin, 5 mg; riboflavin, 6 mg; folic acid, 2 mg; vitamin K, 750 μg; biotin, 200 μg; vitamin B-12, 25 μg; vitamin A, 4000 IU; vitamin D3, 1000 IU; vitamin E, 75 IU

ISSN: 1478-6362