Fig. 2
From: Characteristics and mechanisms of resorption in lumbar disc herniation
The main mechanism of reabsorption of herniated disc. A herniated intervertebral disc causes macrophages to infiltrate the intervertebral disc tissue, and the macrophages interact with the intervertebral disc cells to release TNF-α, VEGF, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, and MMPs. These cytokines interact to promote resorption of the herniated disc. The illustration elements are from Servier Medical Art (https://smart.servier.com/)