Table 1 Participants’ characteristics
|  | RA (n = 94) | Healthy control (n = 30) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 57.4 ± 10.2 | 47.9 ± 3.5 |  < 0.001 |
Female, n (%) | 87 (92.6) | 30 (100) | 0.194 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 22.7 ± 2.7 | 23.9 ± 3.0 | 0.064 |
Smoking, n (%) | 2 (2.1) | 3 (10.0) | 0.091 |
Disease duration, years | 8.7 ± 7.9 | - | - |
ACPA-positive, n (%) | 75/89†(84.3) | - | - |
RF-positive, n (%) | 71/93†(76.3) | - | - |
Medications | |||
csDMARDs, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
 Methotrexate | 53 (56.4) | - |  |
 Leflunomide | 39 (41.5) | - |  |
 Sulfasalazine | 14 (14.9) | - |  |
 Hydroxychloroquine | 39 (41.5) | - |  |
 csDMARD combination | 29 (30.9) |  |  |
Biological DMARDs, n (%) | 39 (41.5) | - | Â |
Oral glucocorticoids, n (%) | 64 (68.1) | - | Â |
NSAIDs, n (%) | 51 (54.3) | Â | Â |
Disease activity | Â | Â | Â |
DAS28 | 3.0 ± 1.5 |  |  |
Remission (DAS28 < 2.6), n (%) | 46 (48.9) |  |  |
Low disease activity (2.6 ≤ DAS28 ≤ 3.2), n (%) | 7 (7.5) |  |  |
Moderate disease activity (3.2 < DAS28 ≤ 5.1), n (%) | 31 (33.0) |  |  |
High disease activity (DAS28 > 5.1), n (%) | 10 (10.6) |  |  |