Fig. 6

Multi-omics analysis revealed the relationship between gut microbiota, plasma metabolites, LMRGs, and exons nsSNV and RA disease activity. A Association analysis of plasma metabolites and gut microbiota with RA disease activity. Red dots represent DAS28-ESR scores, yellow diamonds represent metabolites, cyan squares represent intestinal bacteria, purple triangles represent intestinal fungi, solid yellow lines indicate positive associations, and gray dotted lines indicate negative associations. All lines indicate significant associations (p < 0.05). B RA pathway change pattern diagram. Plasma metabolites, gut microbe, and nsSNV together constitute a regulatory network for RA disease activity. LMRGs, lipid metabolism-related genes; nsSNV, non-synonymous single nucleotide variation; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; PGE, prostaglandin E; LT, leukotriene; HETE, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid