Fig. 1

Intestinal inflammation in AIA rats. RT-qPCR analyses of pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression in the ileum. At day 4 (preclinical), 11 (onset), and 28 (acute), analyses of IL-8 (A, B, C), IL-33 (D, E, F), IL-17A (G, H, I), TNF-α (J, K, L), and IL-23p19 (M, N, O) mRNA expression were performed (n = 14–15/group). At day 4 (preclinical), 11 (onset), and 28 (acute), immunohistochemical analyses of CD3 + (P, Q, R), CD4 + (S, T, U), and CD8 + (V, W, X) were performed (n = 10/group). The number of cells/mm² was evaluated as described in supplementary methods. Results are expressed as means ± SEM. *(p < 0.05), **(p < 0.005). n.s., not significant