Table 1 Characteristics of the participants according to the presence or absence of osteoarthritis
Characteristics | Non-osteoarthritis | Osteoarthritis | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age | 45.53 ± 0.48 | 61.58 ± 0.58 | < 0.0001 |
BMI | 28.61 ± 0.14 | 30.35 ± 0.39 | 0.001 |
Spine BMD | 1.04 ± 0.00 | 1.03 ± 0.01 | 0.31 |
Sex | < 0.0001 | ||
Female | 2785 (50.93) | 304 (63.10) | |
Male | 2692 (49.07) | 184 (36.90) | |
Race | < 0.0001 | ||
Non-Hispanic White | 2519 (66.25) | 335 (85.68) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 1019 (11.90) | 65 (6.47) | |
Mexican American | 1052 (9.15) | 39 (2.51) | |
Other race | 887 (12.70) | 49 (5.33) | |
Education | 0.14 | ||
College or above | 2624 (57.95) | 265 (60.59) | |
High school or equivalent | 1255 (22.70) | 117 (25.15) | |
Less than high school | 1598 (19.35) | 106 (14.27) | |
Smoke | 0.01 | ||
No | 2994 (55.92) | 219 (48.78) | |
Yes | 2483 (44.08) | 269 (51.22) | |
Neck pain | 0.01 | ||
No-Pain | 5170 (94.00) | 442 (89.03) | |
Pain | 307 (6.00) | 46 (10.97) |