Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants
Crude | PSS-weighted | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
JAK inhibitor | TNF inhibitor | JAK inhibitor | TNF inhibitor | SD | |
n = 2 967 | n = 13 152 | n = 2 963 | n = 5 169 | ||
Index age, years | 55.9 ± 12.7 | 53.8 ± 13.5 | 55.8 ± 12.7 | 55.6 ± 13.0 | 0.016 |
Gender (%, male) | 16.3 | 19.1 | 16.3 | 16.7 | 0.012 |
Index drug, % | |||||
Infliximab | - | 16.0 | - | 14.6 | |
Adalimumab | - | 35.4 | - | 16.4 | |
Golimumab | - | 15.2 | - | 33.3 | |
Etanercept | - | 33.4 | - | 35.8 | |
Tofacitinib | 78.8 | - | 78.8 | - | |
Baricitinib | 21.2 | - | 21.2 | - | |
Index year, % | |||||
2010 | 9.0 | ||||
2011 | 11.3 | ||||
2012 | 13.7 | ||||
2013 | 12.8 | ||||
2014 | 13.5 | ||||
2015 | 3.4 | 10.0 | 3.4 | 3.2 | |
2016 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 6.9 | |
2017 | 16.6 | 8.6 | 16.6 | 17 | |
2018 | 29.5 | 6.9 | 29.5 | 33 | |
2019 | 41.2 | 5.1 | 41.2 | 39.8 | |
RA medications | |||||
Any biologics use, % | 40.2 | 17.3 | 40.2 | 40.2 | |
Non-index TNFi, % | 25.5 | 15.3 | 25.5 | 26.6 | 0.026 |
Non-TNFi biologics, % | |||||
Abatacept | 7.2 | 1.2 | 7.2 | 6.7 | 0.019 |
Tocilizumab | 11.3 | 1.4 | 11.3 | 10.8 | 0.016 |
Rituximab | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.038 |
Number of biologics | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 0.002 |
Methotrexate, % | 87.1 | 88.9 | 87.1 | 87.1 | 0.001 |
Leflunomide, % | 39.0 | 45.3 | 39.0 | 39.1 | 0.001 |
Hydroxychloroquine, % | 33.8 | 49.2 | 33.8 | 34.1 | 0.007 |
Sulfasalazine, % | 23.2 | 35.3 | 23.2 | 24.3 | 0.024 |
Tacrolimus, % | 28.2 | 22.0 | 28.1 | 27.0 | 0.025 |
Cyclosporine, % | 0.6 | 2.5 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.028 |
Mizoribine, % | 1.2 | 2.7 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.002 |
Azathioprine, % | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.016 |
Number of DMARDs used | 2.2 ± 1.0 | 2.5 ± 1.1 | 2.2 ± 1.0 | 2.2 ± 1.0 | 0.005 |
NSAID, % | 60.5 | 73.0 | 60.5 | 60.8 | 0.007 |
Cox-2 inhibitors, % | 65.7 | 55.0 | 65.7 | 65.4 | 0.005 |
Opioids, % | 13.3 | 25.0 | 13.3 | 12.2 | 0.031 |
Steroid use, % | 95.6 | 96.5 | 95.6 | 95.5 | 0.006 |
Cumulative steroid dosea | 1437 ± 1174 | 1641 ± 1276 | 1432 ± 1171 | 1451 ± 1191 | 0.015 |
Recent steroid useb, % | 84.5 | 87.0 | 84.5 | 84.8 | 0.007 |
Recent cumulative steroid dosea,b | 314 ± 329 | 395 ± 409 | 312 ± 310 | 321 ± 335 | 0.028 |
Comorbidities | |||||
Angina, % | 6.6 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 0.016 |
Myocardial infarction, % | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 0.013 |
Stroke, % | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 0.005 |
Atrial fibrillation, % | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.02 |
Heart failure, % | 5.2 | 2.9 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 0.014 |
Hypertension, % | 34.9 | 35.3 | 34.9 | 34.3 | 0.013 |
Venous thromboembolism, % | 2.8 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 0.02 |
Peripheral vascular disease, % | 9.9 | 9.1 | 9.9 | 9.7 | 0.005 |
Dyslipidemia, % | 63.7 | 51.6 | 63.7 | 63.8 | 0.001 |
Liver disease, % | 42.0 | 39.8 | 42.0 | 43.0 | 0.022 |
Diabetes, % | 29.3 | 24.5 | 29.2 | 29.1 | 0.004 |
Chronic kidney disease, % | 3.3 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 0.001 |
Thyroid disease, % | 31.8 | 29.6 | 31.7 | 31.6 | 0.002 |
COPD, % | 28.5 | 26.8 | 28.5 | 27.1 | 0.03 |
Asthma, % | 15.9 | 14.9 | 15.9 | 14.9 | 0.03 |
Interstitial lung disease, % | 5.8 | 3.6 | 5.8 | 4.7 | 0.049 |
Osteoporosis, % | 54.6 | 49.6 | 54.6 | 52.9 | 0.034 |
Malignancy, % | 8.0 | 6.8 | 7.9 | 8.5 | 0.02 |
Comorbidity index | 2.6 ± 1.7 | 2.5 ± 1.6 | 2.6 ± 1.7 | 2.6 ± 1.7 | 0.012 |
Other medications | |||||
ACE inhibitor or ARB, % | 22.7 | 22.1 | 22.7 | 22.9 | 0.004 |
Beta blocker, % | 11.8 | 15.6 | 11.8 | 11.1 | 0.021 |
Calcium channel blocker, % | 23.3 | 21.9 | 23.3 | 23.4 | 0.002 |
Diuretic, % | 14.9 | 23.8 | 14.9 | 14.8 | 0.004 |
Loop diuretic, % | 5.4 | 6.8 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 0.002 |
Nitrate, % | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.4 | 0.041 |
Insulin, % | 3.1 | 4.6 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 0.022 |
Oral hypoglycemic agent, % | 9.9 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 10.2 | 0.011 |
Anticoagulant, % | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 0.011 |
Antiplatelet, % | 8.0 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 7.4 | 0.021 |
Statin, % | 26.2 | 20.5 | 26.2 | 25.9 | 0.008 |
Non-statin lipid lowering agent, % | 3.9 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 0.005 |
Proton pump inhibitor, % | 55.7 | 50.8 | 55.7 | 56.0 | 0.006 |
H2 blocker, % | 50.1 | 63.0 | 50.1 | 49.4 | 0.015 |
Bisphosphonate, % | 17.5 | 17.3 | 17.4 | 17.5 | 0.002 |
SERM, % | 4.9 | 2.9 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 0.02 |
Antidepressant, % | 14.9 | 16.0 | 14.9 | 14.9 | < .001 |
Anti-microbials | |||||
Use of antibiotics | 71.8 | 73.4 | 71.8 | 71.0 | 0.017 |
Use of antivirals | 10.8 | 8.8 | 10.8 | 11.2 | 0.015 |
Use of anti-zoster drugs | 7.9 | 6.9 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 0.004 |
Use of antifungals, % | 12.1 | 14.2 | 12.1 | 12.6 | 0.016 |
Healthcare use intensities | |||||
Hospitalization, % | 30.9 | 35.8 | 30.9 | 30.6 | 0.006 |
Number of hospitalizations | 0.7 ± 1.6 | 0.8 ± 1.5 | 0.7 ± 1.6 | 0.7 ± 1.4 | 0.016 |
ER visit, % | 15.1 | 18.3 | 15.1 | 14.7 | 0.011 |
Number of ER visits | 0.3 ± 1.0 | 0.3 ± 2.8 | 0.2 ± 1.0 | 0.2 ± 1.0 | 0.01 |
Number of outpatient clinic visits | 34.8 ± 27.6 | 35.9 ± 31.4 | 34.8 ± 27.6 | 34.6 ± 29.8 | 0.008 |
ECG ordered, % | 37.9 | 44.8 | 37.8 | 37.9 | 0.002 |
HbA1c ordered, % | 12.0 | 20.2 | 11.9 | 12.8 | 0.025 |
Serum creatinine test ordered, % | 53.8 | 92.0 | 53.8 | 54.7 | 0.018 |
Lipid/cholesterol test ordered, % | 50.6 | 86.9 | 50.6 | 51.3 | 0.014 |