Fig. 3

Histopathological scores for a intraarticular inflammation (H&E), b cartilage degradation (TB), and c osteophyte formation (TB) of tibiotalar joints on day 42. d Representative histological sections with white boxes capturing osteophyte formation (TB). Scale bar: 200 μm. e Histological Bone Erosion Score (TRAP) and f μCT-based Bone Erosion Score for ankle joints on day 42. g Representative three-dimensional reconstructions of ankles of WT CTRL, WT STIA ^boost, and tg STIA ^boost animals on day 42. Systemic bone changes analyzed by μCT for h bone volume (BV/TV), i trabecular number (Tb.N), j trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), and k trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) for indicated groups on day 42. Histomorphometric indices for bone formation, including l osteoblast surface (Ob.S/BS), and for bone resorption, including m osteoclast surface (Oc.S/BS) and n number of osteoclasts (N.Oc/BS) for indicated groups on day 42. Boxplots show median (line), interquartile range (box), and minimum and maximum (whiskers). Black squares indicate outliers. CTRL, control; STIA, serum transfer-induced arthritis; tg, transgenic; WT, wild type