Extracellular matrix turnover biomarkers reflect pharmacodynamic effects and treatment response of adalimumab in patients with axial spondyloarthritis—results from two randomized controlled trials

Table 1 The panel of biomarkers evaluated in this study

Biomarker	Description of the biomarker	Implication	Reference
C1M	MMP-2/9/13-degraded type I collagen	Interstitial matrix degradation	[32]
C2M	MMP (multiple)-degraded type II collagen	Cartilage degradation	[33]
T2CM	MMP-1/-13-degraded type II collagen	Cartilage degradation	[17]
C3M	MMP-9-degraded type III collagen	Interstitial matrix degradation	[34]
C4M	MMP (multiple)-degraded type IV collagen	Primarily basal lamina disruption	[35]
C6M	MMP-2/9-degraded type VI collagen	Microfibril degradation	[36]
C10C	Cathepsin-K-mediated degradation of type X collagen	Chondrocyte activity	[37]
PROM	MMP-1/13-cleaved prolargin	Interstitial matrix degradation	[18]
VICM	Citrullinated and MMP-degraded vimentin	Inflammation	[38]
CRP	C-reactive protein	Systemic inflammation	[26, 27]
CRPM	MMP-1/8-degraded C-reactive protein	Inflammation	[39]
PRO-C2	Type II collagen N-terminal pro-peptide	Cartilage formation	[40]
PRO-C3	Type II collagen N-terminal propeptide	Fibrosis	[41]
PRO-C4	Type IV 7S domain collagen	Basement membrane turnover	[42]
PRO-C6	Type VI collagen, alpha-3 chain, C5 domain	Fibrosis	[43]
CPa9-HNE	HNE-mediated degradation of calprotectin	Neutrophil activity and neutrophil extracellular trap formation, NETosis	[20]

Abbreviations: MMP Metalloproteinase, HNE Human elastase, NET Neutrophil extracellular traps

ISSN: 1478-6362