Fig. 5

ST2825 targets RA SF aggressiveness by suppressing NF-κB-dependent mechanisms and IKK-related kinases. RA SFs were stimulated with LPS to evaluate the effect of ST2825 on protein expression molecules involved in the Myddosome formation and the NF-κB signaling. A Protein expression is shown for MyD88, IRAK4, TRAF6, and p65 after 24 h of stimulation with LPS (35 ng/mL), ST2825 (10 μM), or both. B Luciferase activity was determined in two NF-κB-binding site reporters (NF-κB and IL15) after 24 h of treatment with LPS (35 ng/mL), ST2825 (10 μM), or both. Three independent experiments were performed to calculate the statistical significance. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test were performed. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. C Activation of the IKK-related kinases (TAK1 and BTK1) and NF-κB p65 was tested after 30 min of treatment with LPS (70 ng/mL), ST2825 (10 μM), or a combination of both. GAPDH protein expression was used as an internal control