Fig. 3

Therapeutic inhibition of glycolysis and glutaminolysis. A Representative western blot showing that the expression of HK2 and GLS1 in glucose and glucose-free media remains unaffected by the action of c28MS in RAFLS (n = 3). B Color scale encoded heat map illustrating variations in the concentration of key metabolites in RAFLS (n = 3) between control and treatment groups in glucose medium (glucose medium; 25 mM of glucose and 6 mM of glutamine). C Color scale encoded heat map illustrating variations in the concentration of key metabolites in RAFLS (n = 3) between control and treatment groups in low-glucose medium (2 mM of glucose and 6 mM of glutamine). D One-dimensional H¹ nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum fold change in glucose and lactate levels in glucose medium (25 mM of glucose and 6 mM of glutamine) and glutamate and glutamine in low-glucose medium (2 mM of glucose and 6 mM of glutamine) of treated and untreated RAFLS (n = 3). Values are expressed as mean ± standard error mean. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant