Fig. 5

Effect of treatment on the levels of disease markers identified by scRNA-seq. A Volcano plots exhibiting the presence of IL-6, CCL2, and MMP3 between the indicated stages of disease in Hk2- and Gls- (double-positive) positive cells. Each dot represents a gene. Genes in red: adjusted p value < 0.05 and foldchange > 0.5 and <  − 0.5. p value calculated using FindMarkers() (Seurat).RAFLS (n = 3) were incubated with vehicle and inhibitors (CB839 (300 nM), 3BrPy (25 μM), and c28MS (2 μM)) for 1 h followed by stimulation with TNF (5 ng/mL) for 24 h. The production of IL-6, CCL2, and MMP-3 in the culture supernatants of RAFLS (n = 3) was measured using commercially available ELISA kits in the presence (B–D) or absence (E–G) of glucose. Values are mean ± standard error mean. p < 0.05 was considered statistically different