Table 1 Main demographic, biochemical, and genetic characteristics of the control (N = 50), asymptomatic hyperuricemic (N = 74), intercritical gout (N = 200), acute gouty flare (n = 18), and chronic tophaceous gout (N = 30) cohorts

Control subjects (N = 50)

Asymptomatic hyperuricemia patients (N = 74)

Intercritical gout patients (N = 200)

Acute gouty flare patients (N = 18)

Chronic tophaceous gout patients (N = 30)

Fisher’s test

p-value

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

Sex M/F

12/38

24.0/76.0

54/20

73.0/27.0

179/21

89.5/10.5

18/0

100.0/0.0

28/2

93.3/6.7

 < 0.0001

Familial occurrence

Not collected

26

40.0

79

41.1

9

50.0

12

42.9

0.8820

No treatment

50

100.0

27

41.5

16

8.6

3

18.8

6

21.4

0.0005

Allopurinol treatment

Not applicable

38

58.5

152

81.3

11

68.8

18

64.3

Febuxostat treatment

0

0.0

19

10.2

2

12.5

4

14.3

p.Q141K, MAF

8

8.2

27

18.2

96

24.0

6

16.7

14

23.3

0.0055

IL-37 data available

50

100.00

63

85.1

176

88.0

18

100.00

25

83.33

 < 0.0001

Median (IQR)

Range

Median (IQR)

Range

Median (IQR)

Range

Median (IQR)

Range

Median (IQR)

Range

Kruskal–Wallis test

p-value

Age of onset, years

Not applicable

35.0 (31.5)

11–76

40.0 (21.0)

12–84

38.0 (18.0)

18–61

36.0 (21.0)

9–68

0.3236

Current age, years

46.5 (31.2)

24–78

43.5 (33.2)

19–78

50.0 (22.0)

19–90

47.0 (11.2)

35–63

49.0 (23.2)

29–73

0.1053

BMI (N = 46/66/179/17/26)^c

25.6 (5.5)

17.9–38.5

29.0 (6.3)

21–43.6

28.4 (5.9)

19.3–50

28.1 (4.6)

23.4–32.8

28.2 (5.0)

20.7–38.6

0.0001

SUA without treatment, μmol/l (N = 50/54/140/12/22)^c

329.0 (117.2)

208–544

458.5 (98.5)

371–635

462.0 (115.8)

181–685

504.0 (105.5)

406–616

461.5 (161.0)

245–647

 < 0.0001

SUA with treatment, μmol/l (N = 0/40/170/14/23)^c

Not applicable

415.5 (144.5)

207–628

360.5 (121.8)

131–725

430.5 (158.8)

238–579

438.0 (125.5)

167–808

0.0017

FE-UA^a (N = 0/68/196/17/29)

Not measured

3.8 (1.9)

1.7–13.2

3.7 (1.6)

0.8–11.8

3.2 (1.1)

2.1–5.4

4.5 (3.0)

1.2–13.1

0.3099

GFR-MDRD, ml/min^a (N = 50/45/133/11/17)

79.0 (20.2)

45–122

86.0 (25.0)

46–138

86.0 (26.0)

24–132

92.0 (13.1)

31–117

81.0 (30.5)

27.5–130.5

0.0864

Serum creatinine, μmol/l^a (N = 50/70/198/18/29)

71.5 (17.8)

56–105

79.0 (19.5)

44–132

80.8 (17.4)

48–226

82.0 (21.0)

64–189

91.5 (20.5)

57–179

0.0003

Max CRP^b (N = 50/66/180/18/25)^c

1.3 (2.2)

0.2–10

2.6 (4.2)

0.1–153.1

3.7 (5.7)

0.2–224.4

4.8 (16.8)

0.5–194.7

9.2 (31.8)

0.2–268

 < 0.0001