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Table 1 Demographic and clinical data of rheumatoid arthritis patients in the three cohorts

From: Identification of novel biomarkers for the prediction of subclinical coronary artery atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an exploratory analysis

 

Total (n = 561)

Cohorts

ESCAPE (n = 197)

Pittsburgh (n = 195)

Vanderbilt (n = 169)

p

Demographics

Age, years

57.6 ± 10.5

59.4 ± 8.7

58.8 ± 10.2

54.2 ± 11.8

 < 0.001

Sex, female

430 (77)

118 (60)

195 (100)

117 (69)

 < 0.001

BMI, kg/m2

28.5 ± 6.0

28.3 ± 5.3

27.9 ± 6.0

29.2 ± 6.8

0.133

Hip circumference, cm

 Female

106.7 ± 14.8

105.5 ± 14.6

105.9 ± 14.3

109.4 ± 15.6

0.083

 Male

103.0 ± 12.3

100.6 ± 10.7

–

106.7 ± 13.6

0.005

Waist circumference, cm

 Female

91.9 ± 16.4

91.7 ± 15.6

91.2 ± 16.7

93.1 ± 16.8

0.640

 Male

101.4 ± 14.9

101.6 ± 13.3

–

101.1 ± 17.2

0.839

Race

 White

502 (89)

169 (86)

184 (94)

149 (88)

0.017

 Others

57 (10)

28 (14)

10 (5)

19 (11)

 

Afro-American

44

18

8

18

0.048

Asian

10

7

2

1

0.064

Hispanic

3

3

0

0

0.063

Agatston score for CAC

CAC Agatston units

3.12 (0–134.35)

4.69 (0–175.00)

2.75 (0–93.37)

1.85 (0–150.35)

0.798

CAC > 100

169 (30)

69 (35)

48 (25)

52 (31)

 

CAC > 300

92 (16)

34 (17)

25 (13)

33 (20)

 

CAC greater than 0 units

307 (55)

107 (55)

117 (60)

83 (51)

0.200

CAC greater than 10 units

248 (49)

90 (46)

86 (44)

72 (44)

0.889

CAC greater than percentile 75

195 (35)

63 (32)

75 (39)

57 (35)

0.421

CAC greater than percentile 90

113 (21)

36 (18)

39 (20)

38 (23)

0.520

Previous cardiovascular disease

Myocardial infarction

17 (3)

0 (0)

6 (3)

11 (7)

0.001

Coronary artery bypass graft

8 (1)

0 (0)

1 (1)

7 (4)

0.091

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

8 (1)

0 (0)

4 (2)

4 (2)

0.072

Stroke

9 (2)

0 (0)

1 (1)

8 (5)

0.001

Angina

15 (3)

0 (0)

7 (4)

8 (5)

0.012

Cardiac heart failure

4 (1)

0 (0)

2 (1)

2 (1)

0.331

Comorbidity

Hypertension

235 (42)

76 (38)

71 (36)

88 (52)

0.007

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

129 ± 20

128 ± 19

125 ± 19

133 ± 20

 < 0.001

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

76 ± 10

76 ± 9

76 ± 10

75 ± 11

0.360

Use of antihypertensives

210 (37)

79 (40)

67 (34)

64 (38)

0.497

Dyslipidemia

119 (21)

62 (31)

57 (29)

–

0.199

 On lipid lowering drugs

60 (11)

35 (18)

25 (13)

–

0.174

Diabetes

22 (4)

12 (6)

10 (5)

–

0.670

Previous smoking

291 (52)

115 (58)

96 (49)

80 (47)

0.062

Current smoking

81 (14)

23 (12)

17 (9)

41 (24)

 < 0.001

 Packs/years

0 (0–22)

7 (0–30)

0 (0–14)

0 (0–22)

0.008

Post menopause

249 (44)

92 (47)

157 (81)

-

 < 0.001

Hormone replacement use

85 (15)

16 (8)

69 (35)

-

0.047

Metabolic syndrome

90 (16)

44 (22)

46 (24)

-

0.704

Aspirin

102 (18)

34 (17)

14 (7)

54 (32)

 < 0.001

Analytical parameters

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

197 ± 39

195 ± 38

208 ± 37

186 ± 39

 < 0.001

Triglycerides, mg/dL

1116 (86–157)

–

120 (90–156)

111 (80–158)

0.151

HDL cholesterol, mg/dL

54 ± 16

49 (41–67)

61 ± 15

43 (37–54)

 < 0.001

LDL cholesterol, mg/dL

116 ± 33

116 ± 31

120 ± 35

112 ± 33

0.100

Glucose, mg/dL

91 ± 19

89 (83–98)

88 (82–94)

87 (83–94)

0.104

Insulin, uU/ml

9. 99 ± 7.17

5.83 (3.71–9.75)

11.5 (8.60–14.20)

–

 < 0.001

Homocysteine

10.7 ± 3.6

9.1 (7.5–10.6)

11.1 (9.6–13.7)

10.5 ± 3.4

 < 0.001

Creatinine, mg/dL

0.8 ± 0.3

0.8 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.3

0.8 ± 0.2

0.014

CRP, mg/L

4.65 (1.75–12.50)

–

5.62 (1.97–13.35)

4.00 (1.22–13.02)

0.035

RA-associated characteristics

Disease duration, years

10 (3–20)

9 (4–17)

13 (7–23)

3 (2–18)

 < 0.001

Prednisone

 Ever prednisone treatment

458 (82)

147 (75)

172 (88)

139 (82)

0.002

 Current treatment with prednisone

246 (44)

76 (39)

78 (40)

92 (54)

 < 0.001

 Current prednisone dosage, mg/day

0 (0–5)

0 (0–5)

0 (0–5)

2 (0–5)

0.011

Hydroxychloroquine

125 (22)

47 (24)

36 (18)

42 (25)

0.277

Methotrexate

360 (64)

125 (63)

115 (59)

120 (71)

0.056

TNF inhibitors

179 (32)

85 (43)

59 (30)

35 (21)

 < 0.001

Anakinra

2 (0)

1 (1)

1 (1)

0 (0)

0.649

NSAIDs

313 (73)

127 (64)

135 (69)

51 (30)

 < 0.001

COX2 inhibitors

154 (72)

47 (24)

56 (29)

51 (30)

0.356

Minutes of morning stiffness

30 (5–60)

15 (5–30)

30 (0–60)

30 (10–90)

 < 0.001

Current biologic DMARD use

149 (27)

89 (45)

60 (31)

–

0.003

Any current use of non-biologic DMARDs

487 (87)

165 (84)

175 (90)

147 (87)

0.265

Joint surgery

156 (28)

55 (28)

101 (52)

–

 < 0.001

Rheumatoid nodules

197 (35)

89 (45)

108 (55)

–

0.012

Global assessment of disease activity

24 (9–47)

21 (5–47)

19 (6–34)

30 (16–55)

 < 0.001

Modified HAQ (VU cohort only)

0.500 (0.000–0.875)

–

–

0.500 (0.000–0.875)

-

DAS28 (ESCAPE and VU cohorts)

3.72 ± 1.35

3.66 ± 1.08

–

3.79 ± 1.61

0.362

Full HAQ (ESCAPE cohort only)

0.625 (0.125–1.250)

0.625 (0.125–1.250)

–

–

–

RF (> 40 units)

363 (65)

129 (65)

117 (60)

117 (69)

0.136

  1. Data expressed as mean (± standard deviation) or median (interquartile range). Dichotomous variables are expressed as number (percentage)
  2. Modified HAQ is only available for Vanderbilt cohort, DAS28 only for ESCAPE and Vanderbilt cohort, and full HAQ only in ESCAPE series
  3. Significant p values are depicted in bold. Comparisons are performed through chi2, ANOVA, or Kruskall-Wallis method
  4. CRP C-reactive protein, HAQ Health Assessment Questionnaire, DAS28 Disease Activity Score, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, DMARD disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, TNF tumor necrosis factor, COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

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