Table 2 Proportions with sustained remission or low disease activity among studies of discontinuation of maintenance tumor necrosis factor inhibitor treatment

Double-blind controlled trials

 Van Vollenhoven 2016 [44]

ETA

Est

DAS28-ESR ≤ 3.2 for ≥ 11 months

23/23

48

13.0

52.1

-

-

-

-

 Emery 2020 [45]

ADA

Est

DAS28-ESR < 2.6 for ≥ 6 months

20/102

36

-

-

57.8

62.7

-

-

 Curtis 2021 [46]

ETA

Est

SDAI ≤ 3.3 for 24 weeks

101/51

48

-

-

-

-

28.7

52.9

Open-label trials

 Chatzidionysiou 2016 [47]

ADA

Est

DAS28 < 2.6 ≥ 3 months

15/16

28

-

-

33.3

93.7

-

-

 Ghiti Moghadam 2016 [48]

ETA 40%

ADA 51%

INF 5%

Est

DAS28-ESR < 3.2 ≥ 6 months

531/286

52

48.8

81.8

29.7

56.9

-

-

Observational studies

 Brocq 2009 [49]

ETA 65%

ADA 25%

INF 10%

Est

DAS28 < 2.6 for ≥ 6 months

21/-

52

25.0

-

-

-

-

-

 Tanaka RRR 2010 [50]

INF

Est

DAS28-ESR < 3.2 for ≥ 6 months

102/-

52

54.9

-

43.1

-

-

-

 Saleem 2010 [33]

ETA 25%

ADA 10%

INF 65%

Est

DAS28 < 2.6 for ≥ 6 months

20/-

96

-

-

15.0

-

-

-

 Iwamoto 2014 [51]

ETA 9%

ADA 19%

INF 53%

GOL 15%

CTZ 3%

Est

DAS28 < 2.6 (no duration specified)

32/-

24

59.3

-

-

-

-

-

 Kurasawa 2014 [52]

INF

Est

DAS28-CRP < 2.6 for ≥ 6 months

31/-

52

-

-

55.0

-

-

-

 Kadar 2014 [53]

TNFi

Est

Long-term remission

5/-

24

-

-

100

-

-

-

 Kavanaugh 2015 [54]

TNFi

Est

CDAI ≤ 10 (no duration specified)

717/-

52

73.4^a

-

-

-

-

 Yoshida 2016 [55]

Biologics (82% TNFi)

Est

CDAI ≤ 2.8

46/-

52

32.6^a

-

-

-

-

-

 Kawashiri 2017 [56]

ETA 10%

ADA 23%

INF 47%

GOL 13%

CTZ 7%

Est

DAS28-ESR < 3.2 for ≥ 3 months

30/-

52

46.6^a

-

-

-

-

-

 Kimura 2019 [57]

ADA

Est

DAS28-ESR < 2.6 for ≥ 6 months

4/29

52

-

-

25.0

75.8

-

-

 Ito 2019 [58]

ADA

Est

Sustained clinical remission

20/-

24

100

-

95

-

-

-

 Naniwa 2020 [59]

ETA 28%

ADA 16%

INF 47%

GOL 3%

CTZ 5%

Early

SDAI ≤ 11, off corticosteroids for ≥ 6 months

95/-

52

-

-

66.2

-

63.8

-

 Takai 2020 [60]

INF

Est

DAS28-ESR < 2.6, usually > 2 years

18/-

48

55.6

-

55.6

-

-

-

 Kameda 2021 [61]

ETA 38%

ADA 12%

INF 23%

GOL 19%

CTZ 8%

Est

SDAI ≤ 3.3 for ≥ 3 months

26/-

52

46.1

-

-

-

-

-

 Ochiai 2021 [62]

ETA 23%

ADA 10%

INF 67%

Est

DAS28-ESR < 3.2 (no duration reported)

39/-

52

56.4

-

-

-

-

-

 Burkard 2021 [63]

ETA 28%

ADA 40%

INF 12%

GOL 13%

CTZ 7%

Est

DAS28 < 2.6 or RADAI < 1.5

212/-

104

30.7^a

-

-

-

-

-

 Nagatani 2021 [64]

ETA 50%

ADA 12%

INF 38%

Est

DAS28-CRP < 2.3 for ≥ 12 months

34/-

104

-

-

38.2

-

-

-