Fig. 1

Th1-like Treg cells increased, accompanied by low expression of TIGIT in SLE patients. A, C–E PBMCs isolated from the peripheral blood of 33 SLE patients and 15 HDs shown in Supplementary Table S1 were analyzed using flow cytometry without incubation. A Frequencies of Foxp3⁺Tregs, CXCR3⁺Foxp3⁺Th1-like Tregs, and CXCR3⁻Foxp3⁺non-Th1-like Tregs in CD4⁺ T cells. B PBMCs isolated from the peripheral blood of 16 SLE patients and 10 HDs shown in Supplementary Table S2 were analyzed using flow cytometry without incubation. Representative flow cytometry plots and bar graphs showing the frequencies of Foxp3⁺Tregs, T-bet⁺Foxp3⁺Th1-like Tregs, and T-bet⁻Foxp3⁺non-Th1-like Tregs in CD4⁺ T cells. C Correlations of levels of IgG and SLEDAI with the proportion of Foxp3⁺Tregs from SLE patients. D The proportion of TIGIT⁺ cells in CD4⁺Foxp3⁺Tregs. E Correlations of levels of C3 and C4 with the proportion of TIGIT⁺CD4⁺Foxp3⁺Tregs from SLE patients. ns, not significant, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01