Fig. 4

Impaired immunosuppressive function of Th1-like Tregs can be restored by reactivating TIGIT. CD4⁺CD25⁺Tregs purified from PBMCs of SLE patients were stimulated under TCR or in-sequence condition with or without TIGIT agonists for 5 days. A Percentages of CXCR3⁺Foxp3⁺Th1-like Tregs were analyzed using flow cytometry. B Percentages of T-bet⁺Foxp3⁺Th1-like Tregs were analyzed using flow cytometry. C Levels of IL-10 and IFN-γin cell culture supernatant were measured using ELISA. D CD25⁺Tregs were purified from cultured CD4⁺T cells, then co-cultured with CD19⁺B cells. Percentages of CD27⁺CD38.⁺plasmablasts were analyzed using flow cytometry. Data are mean ± SEM of five independent experiments using different donors. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01