Fig. 5

IFN-α improved Th1-like Tregs through STAT4 pathway in-sequence condition. CD4⁺ T cells were purified from PBMCs of HDs. A Relative messenger RNA expression of STAT1 and STAT4 in transfected CD4⁺ T cells was evaluated by quantitative PCR. B Knocking out STAT4 before exposing to specified conditions. Bar graphs showing the percentages of CXCR3⁺Foxp3⁺Th1-like Tregs analyzed using flow cytometry. C–E CD4⁺ T cells were activated by TCR before incubated under specified conditions and analyzed using flow cytometry. C Percentages of pSTAT1⁺ cells, and STAT4⁺ cells in Foxp3⁺Tregs. D Percentages of CXCR3⁺ cells and T-bet⁺ cells. E MFI of CXCR3 and T-bet in Foxp3⁺Tregs. Data are mean ± SEM of three independent experiments using different donors. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, **P < 0.001