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Table 1 Main demographic, biochemical, and genetic characteristics of the control (N = 53), asymptomatic hyperuricemic detected under 40 years of age (N = 72), asymptomatic hyperuricemic detected after 40 years of age (N = 22), intercritical gout with onset before 40 years of age (N = 115) and intercritical gout with onset after 40 years of age (n = 81) cohorts

From: Alterations in lipidome profiles distinguish early-onset hyperuricemia, gout, and the effect of urate-lowering treatment

Categorical variables

Control subjects N = 53

Asymptomatic hyperuricemia, detected under 40 years of age N = 72

Asymptomatic hyperuricemia, detected after 40 years of age N = 22

Intercritical gout, early onset under 40 years of age N = 115

Intercritical gout, onset after 40 years of age N = 81

 
 

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

Fisher test p-value

Sex M/F

35 / 18

66.0 / 34.0

60 / 12

83.3 / 16.7

13 / 9

59.1 / 40.9

108 / 7

93.9 / 6.1

69 / 12

85.2 / 14.8

 < 0.001

Familial occurrence

-

-

37

56.1

3

15.0

59

55.1

22

27.8

 < 0.001

No treatment

53

100.0

60

83.3

12

54.5

39

33.9

17

21.0

 < 0.001

Allopurinol treatment

-

-

12

16.7

10

45.5

64

55.7

56

69.1

Febuxostat treatment

-

-

0

0.0

0

0.0

12

10.4

8

9.9

p.Q141Kb, MAF (Number of alleles/Allele frequency)

5

5.7

35

24.3

6

13.6

75

32.6

37

22.8

 < 0.001

Metabolic syndrome presenta

NA

NA

2

3.2

6

27.3

13

11.8

18

23.1

 < 0.001

Continuous variables

Median (IQR)

Range

Median (IQR)

Range

Median (IQR)

Range

Median (IQR)

Range

Median (IQR)

Range

Kruskall-Wallis test p-value

Age of onset, years

-

-

15.0 (7.0)

3–39

58.0 (17.5)

42–76

30.0 (12.5)

9–40

52.0 (12.2)

41–84

-

Current age, years

32.0 (16.0)

18–75

17.5 (10.5)

3–48

61.0 (20.5)

48–78

41.0 (15.0)

11–69

60.0 (14.0)

41–84

 < 0.001

BMI

23.6 (4.0)

18.5–32

25.1 (6.7)

13.6–43.6

30.2 (3.4)

23.9–41

27.7 (5.3)

19.3–50

28.8 (5.6)

19.5–43.4

 < 0.001

CRP, mg/l

0.8 (1.2)

0.2–8

1.1 (1.8)

0.1–153.1

3.8 (6.8)

1.1–37.9

2.7 (3.6)

0.1–268

3.8 (5.9)

0.3–224.4

 < 0.001

Serum uric acid, patients without treatment, µmol/l

(N = 53 / 53 / 10 / 39 / 17) c

338.0 (77.0)

157–420

468.0 (111.0)

361–831

451.5 (86.8)

378–631

464.0 (106.0)

181–685

469.0 (140.0)

269–683

 < 0.001

Serum uric acid, patients with treatment, µmol/l

(N = 0 / 12 / 9 / 75 / 64) c

-

-

470.0 (103.0)

328–608

407.0 (82.0)

354–487

418.0 (136.0)

217–587

453.0 (148.8)

167–647

0.499

Serum creatinine, µmol/l

78.0 (20.5)

51–115

74.5 (26.0)

14–140

83.0 (23.0)

54–113

81.0 (17.8)

47–213

81.0 (26.0)

48–173

0.007

Serum cholesterol, mmol/l

4.7 (0.9)

2.9–12.3

4.5 (1.4)

2–9.5

5.6 (1.9)

2.4–6.8

5.4 (1.4)

2.7–10.7

5.4 (1.3)

3–9.1

 < 0.001

Serum triglycerides, µmol/l

1.0 (0.8)

0.4–3.5

1.4 (1.3)

0.6–9.1

1.8 (1.5)

0.8–5.5

1.9 (1.5)

0.6–7.5

1.8 (1.5)

0.5–6.1

 < 0.001

Serum high-density lipoproteins, µmol/l

1.4 (0.4)

0.7–2

1.2 (0.4)

0.6–2.1

1.3 (0.4)

0.9–1.9

1.2 (0.4)

0–2.3

1.2 (0.3)

0.7–6.1

0.026

Serum low-density lipoproteins, µmol/l

2.8 (1.0)

1.4–5.5

3.3 (1.3)

1–6.9

3.2 (0.7)

1.9–5.1

3.4 (1.0)

0.2–9.9

3.3 (0.8)

0.7–5.7

0.001

Atherogenic index

2.5 (1.2)

1.4–6.4

2.6 (1.6)

1.2–6

3.2 (1.3)

1.6–4.6

3.5 (1.5)

1.2–6.8

3.5 (1.6)

1.3–7.4

 < 0.001

  1. a Metabolic syndrome assessed using IDF definition; relevant data were not available for the control cohort
  2. b plus other eight rare and two novel dysfunctional variants rs372192400, rs769734146, rs200894058, rs759726272, rs140207606, rs148475733, rs199976573, rs762248204, p.T421A, and p.I242T
  3. c Serum uric acid measured at time of taking the analyzed sample. For 10 subjects (6 from asymptomatic hyperuricemia under 40 years group, 3 from asymptomatic hyperuricemia after 40 years group and 1 from early-onset intercritical gout group) serum uric acid measurements confirming their diagnostic status were available from different examinations only
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

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