Fig. 4

Changed intestinal fungal community composition and reduced diversity in CRA patients. A–E The bar graphs displayed the relative abundance of ace, chao, sob, shannon, and pd indexes between the three groups, respectively, with significantly lower community richness and diversity in CRA. Kruskal–Wallis rank-sum test for three group comparisons, with the error bars representing the standard deviation. F PCoA demonstrated significant differences in community structure between CRA and control. Adonis between-group difference test using Bray–Curtis distance algorithm, analyzed by number of 999 substitutions. G–I Using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, we identified 17 differential genera between NORA and control, 14 differential genera between CRA and control, and 8 differential genera between NORA and CRA. Values represented mean and standard error. Control (n = 30), NORA (n = 14), CRA (n = 20)