Fig. 2

Systemic administration of Resatorvid relieves synovial inflammation in CFA-induced TMJOA mice. A, B Synovial inflammation in CFA-induced TMJOA mice was analyzed by H&E and F4/80 and immunohistochemical staining (A). Intraperitoneal administration of Resatorvid mitigated CFA-induced inflammatory hyperplasia and macrophage activation in the synovium of TMJOA mice at 2 weeks, and the number of synovial lining layers and the average optional density of F4/80 declined in CFA + Resatorvid-treated mice (B), one-way ANOVA, mean ± SEM, n = 6 (##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 vs saline group; *p < 0.05 vs CFA group). C Representative images of H&E staining showing that the activation of the synovium was relieved in Resatorvid-treated TMJOA mice, accompanied by thinning of the synovial lining layers, one-way ANOVA, mean ± SEM, n = 6 (###p < 0.001 vs saline group; **p < 0.01 vs CFA group). D, E Immunohistochemical staining detecting the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2) in the synovial tissues of CFA group mice and CFA + Resatorvid group mice (D). Quantitative analysis showed that the average optical density of cytokines above decreased in Resatorvid-treated TMJOA mice compared to CFA group mice at 1 week (E), Student’s t test, mean ± SEM, n = 5 (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs CFA group)