Fig. 5
In vivo effects of pExo in a rat OA model. A Rat OA study scheme: animals received sham (Sham + Veh, N = 6 rats) or MCLT + MMT surgery were given with vehicle (OA + Veh, N = 11) or pExo by single (OA + pExo × 1, day 5, N = 10) or triple (OA + pExo × 3, days 5, 12, and 19, N = 10) IA injections. B Hind limb weight bearing capacity test was performed weekly, and data was presented as mean ± 95% CI (two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison tests, *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01). C The severity of OA damage was histologically assessed by the relative width and depth of degenerated cartilage. Data was presented as mean ± 95% CI (one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison tests: Sham + Veh, N = 3 rats; OA + Veh, N = 8 rats; OA + pExo × 1, N = 7 rats; OA + pExo × 3, N = 7 rats; *P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001)