Fig. 2

Joint immobilization stimulates osteophyte formation in mice. A Three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) reconstruction of μCT scans of knee joints at 0, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after immobilization. The first row is the 3D reconstruction front view of the knee joint; the second row is the 2D cross-sectional view of the femoral condyle, and the third row is the 2D front view of the knee joint. The red arrowheads show osteophytes of the femoral condyle, and blue arrowheads show microfracture in the tibial plateau. Scale bar, 1.0 mm. B–D The bone volume (BV), bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) of osteophytes on both sides of femoral condyle were analyzed by μCT. E–G The BV, BV/TV, and Tb.Th of calcified meniscus were analyzed by μCT. N = 6 biologically independent replicates per group. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (sd). **P < 0.01