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Table 1 Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics of participants

From: Response to febuxostat according to clinical subtypes of hyperuricemia: a prospective cohort study in primary gout

Parameters

All

Participants

(n = 644)

Hyperuricemia subtype

Renal overload

(n = 80)

Renal underexcretion (n = 390)

Combined

(n = 174)

P-value

Demographic and general characteristics

 Age, years

45.39 (12.21)

50.05 (14.62)

44.50 (15.23) *

42.59 (14.23) *

 < 0.001

 BMI, kg/m2

27.53 (3.63)

26.56 (3.05)

27.26 (3.66)

28.50 (3.62) **##

 < 0.001

 SBP, mmHg

135 (124,147)

137 (126,148)

135 (124,147)

136 (125,149)

0.458

 DBP, mmHg

86 (79,94)

88 (81,96)

87 (81,95)

86 (75,94)

0.327

Biochemical parameters

 Blood glucose, mmol/L

5.75 (0.71)

6.02 (0.86)

5.69 (0.75) **

5.77 (0.74) *

0.002

 Total cholesterol, mmol/L

4.98 (0.93)

4.99 (0.96)

4.98 (0.95)

4.97 (0.84)

0.981

 Triglyceride, mmol/L

2.14 (1.44)

1.78 (0.99)

2.11 (1.49)

2.32 (1.51) *

0.022

 HDL-C, mmol/L

1.08 (0.31)

1.13 (0.36)

1.09 (0.33)

1.04 (0.27) *

0.077

 ALT, U/L

25 (18,37)

23 (19.30)

24 (17.34)

29 (21.43) **##

 < 0.001

 AST, U/L

20 (17,25)

21 (16.24)

20 (17.25)

21 (17.26)

0.414

 Creatinine, μmol/L

86.36 (12.64)

86.46 (13.26)

87.58 (12.64)

83.80 (12.65) #

0.012

 eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2

92.83 (18.98)

89.92 (19.02)

91.54 (19.10)

96.81 (17.79) *#

0.002

 Urine pH

5.61 (0.45)

5.77 (0.49)

5.58 (0.45)

5.64 (0.44)

0.675

Gout characteristics

 Disease duration, years

7.83 (5.83)

8.65 (7.35)

7.94 (6.01)

7.22 (4.44)

0.407

 Family history of gout, n (%)

149 (23.1)

22 (27.5)

85 (21.8)

42 (24.1)

0.873

 Tophi, n (%)

99 (15.4)

15(18.8)

57 (14.6)

27 (15.5)

0.765

 Serum urate, mg/dL

9.42 (1.39)

8.60 (1.33)

9.47 (1.37) **

9.70 (1.30) **

 < 0.001

 FEUA, %

4.30 (0.63)

6.59 (1.24)

3.74 (0.85)

4.27 (1.27)

 < 0.001

 UUE, mg/d/1.73 m2

600.00 (226.18)

846.59 (268.55)

452.58 (112.79)

741.18 (157.70)

 < 0.001

Coexisting conditions

 Diabetes, n (%)

64 (10.00)

13 (16.3)

29 (7.4) *

22 (12.6) #

0.001

 Hypertension, n (%)

232 (36.0)

32 (40.0)

135 (34.6)

65 (38.5)

0.401

 TG/HDL-C

1.60 (1.04, 2.48)

1.30 (0.91, 2.06)

1.58 (1.04, 2.42) *

1.89 (1.15, 2,76) *#

0.001

 Fasting insulin, μU/mL

12.43 (8.50, 17.80)

11.75 (8.06, 18.48)

11.33 (8.19, 16.74)

14.48 (10.28, 22.47) *#

0.002

 NAFLD, n (%)

124 (20.0)

10 (12.50)

61 (15.64)

51 (29.31) **##

 < 0.001

 Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

183 (28.4)

19 (23.8)

98 (25.1)

66 (37.9) *#

0.038

 Obesity, n (%)

263 (42.4)

26 (33.8)

146 (39.5)

91 (52.6) *#

0.003

 Metabolic syndrome, n (%)

221 (34.3)

27 (33.8)

118 (30.3)

76 (43.7) #

0.008

  1. Data are showed as mean (standard deviation) or median (interquartile range) as appropriate
  2. BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, TG triglyceride, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ZJU index Zhejiang University index, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, FEUA fractional excretion of urinary uric acid, UUE 24-h urinary urate excretion, NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
  3. *Compared with renal overload group, P < 0.05
  4. **Compared with renal overload group, P < 0.001
  5. #Compared with renal underexcretion group, P < 0.05
  6. ##Compared with renal underexcretion group, P < 0.001
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

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