Table 1 Characteristics of patients with MPA and GPA (N = 224)

At AAV diagnosis

During AAV follow-up

Demographic data

Poor outcomes (N, (%))

 Age (years)

62.0 (50.0–70.0)

All-cause mortality

36 (16.1)

 Male sex (N, (%))

79 (35.3)

Relapse

71 (31.7)

 BMI (kg/m²)

22.7 (20.5–24.6)

ESKD

53 (23.7)

 Ex-smoker (N, (%))

6 (2.7)

CVA

17 (7.6)

ACS

7 (3.1)

AAV subtype (N, (%))

 MPA

152 (67.9)

Follow-up duration based on each poor outcomes (months)

 GPA

72 (32.1)

All-cause mortality

47.8 (12.6–77.5)

ANCA type and positivity (N, (%))

Relapse

23.2 (6.1–57.7)

 MPO-ANCA (or P-ANCA) positivity

164 (73.2)

ESKD

36.0 (6.8–69.6)

 PR3-ANCA (or C-ANCA) positivity

41 (18.3)

CVA

40.1 (10.2–75.4)

AAV-specific indices

ACS

46.5 (12.0–77.1)

 BVAS

12.0 (6.3–18.0)

Medications (N, (%))

 FFS

1.0 (0–2.0)

Glucocorticoids

208 (92.9)

Comorbidities (N, (%))

Cyclophosphamide

122 (54.5)

 T2DM

65 (29.0)

Rituximab

44 (19.6)

 Hypertension

91 (40.6)

Mycophenolate mofetil

49 (21.9)

 Dyslipidaemia

47 (21.0)

Azathioprine

114 (50.9)

Laboratory results

Tacrolimus

22 (9.8)

 White blood cell count (/mm³)

8,825.0 (6,385.0–12,322.5)

Methotrexate

23 (10.3)

 Neutrophil count (/mm³)

6,765.0 (4,335.0–10.155.0)

 Lymphocyte count (/mm³)

1,345.0 (932.5–1,867.5)

 Monocyte count (/mm³)

450.0 (330.0–597.5)

 Basophil count (/mm³)

20.0 (10.0–40.0)

 Haemoglobin (g/dL)

10.9 (9.3–12.8)

 Platelet count (× 1000/mm³)

292.0 (223.0–393.8)

 Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

99.0 (90.0–127.0)

 Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)

18.4 (13.9–36.6)

 Serum creatinine (mg/dL)

1.0 (0.7–2.1)

 Serum total protein (g/dL)

6.7 (6.0–7.2)

 Serum albumin (g/dL)

3.7 (3.1–4.2)

 ESR (mm/h)

63.0 (23.8–100.3)

 CRP (mg/L)

15.0 (1.7–69.6)

Eosinophil count (/mm³)

190.0 (72.5–360.0)