Table 4 Primary and secondary outcome measures used to assess preliminary effectiveness from baseline (t0) to follow-up (t1) (12 weeks)
Outcome | Baseline (t0) | Week 12 (t1) | Mean Difference (95% CI for Difference) | ES (ƞp2) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention (n = 32) | Control (n = 28) | Intervention (n = 32) | Control (n = 28) | ||||
Primary | |||||||
HOOS/KOOS paina | 62.5 (16.8) | 55.9 (23.7) | 68.3 (16.1) | 55.5 (22.5) | 8.52 (1.01 to 16.04) | 0.08 | 0.027* |
HOOS/KOOS ADLb | 68.1 (20.2) | 64.3 (23.0) | 71.8 (14.3) | 63.7 (23.9) | 5.73 (-1.57 to 13.03) | 0.04 | 0.121 |
Secondary | |||||||
HOOS, KOOS totalc | 52.7 (18.0) | 50.3 (20.5) | 56.0 (13.0) | 50.0 (21.4) | 4.72 (-1.60 to 11.04) | 0.04 | 0.140 |
HOOS/KOOS symptomsc | 58.7 (20.1) | 54.2 (21.5) | 59.3 (17.1) | 55.1 (22.1) | 0.91 (-5.75 to 7.58) | 0.00 | 0.785 |
HOOS/KOOS sportc | 39.7 (25.6) | 41.6 (29.2) | 41.7 (17.6) | 35.3 (28.5) | 7.16 (-3.55 to 17.86) | 0.03 | 0.186 |
HOOS/KOOS QoLc | 34.9 (19.0) | 35.5 (20.5) | 40.4 (13.0) | 38.9 (23.4) | 1.83 (-6.22 to 9.87) | 0.00 | 0.651 |
ROM Knee (in °) | n = 22 | n = 23 | n = 22 | n = 23 | |||
Flexion | 125.0 (13.4) | 121.8 (13.7) | 126.8 (15.4) | 124.3 (11.5) | 0.59 (-6.09 to 7.26) | 0.00 | 0.860 |
Extension | 0.3 (5.7) | -2.8 (8.0) | -3.5 (5.5) | -2.7 (6.7) | -1.69 (-5.35 to 1.96) | 0.02 | 0.355 |
ROM Hip (in °) | n = 10 | n = 5 | n = 10 | n = 5 | |||
Flexion | 101.2 (17.1) | 109.0 (17.5) | 115.5 (9.0) | 118.0 (5.7) | -0.92 (-10.22 to 8.39) | 0.00 | 0.834 |
Extension | 16.5 (6.7) | 13.0 (7.6) | 17.1 (6.2) | 16.6 (6.5) | -1.07 (-8.11 to 5.96) | 0.01 | 0.745 |
External Rotation | 28.8 (10.4) | 24.0 (19.5) | 32.7 (9.7) | 24.2 (15.3) | 5.34 (-3.92 to 14.59) | 0.12 | 0.233 |
Internal Rotation | 23.0 (13.8) | 28.0 (10.4) | 24.7 (11.4) | 31.2 (18.4) | -4.35 (-20.59 to 11.89) | 0.03 | 0.570 |
Abduction | 33.0 (11.6) | 29.0 (7.4) | 32.9 (3.3) | 29.4 (11.5) | 2.76 (-5.67 to 11.19) | 0.04 | 0.490 |
Isokinetic Strength Knee | n = 32 | n = 28 | n = 32 | n = 28 | |||
Extension (60°/sec) | |||||||
Peak Torque (Nm) | 100.6 (37.6) | 100.6 (40.2) | 96.4 (26.9) | 98.8 (34.6) | -2.49 (-13.58 to 8.60) | 0.00 | 0.655 |
Total Work (J) | 316.7 (114.3) | 305.2 (137.6) | 303.1 (91.2) | 285.4 (105.8) | 11.04 (-23.45 to 45.54) | 0.01 | 0.524 |
Avg. Power (W) | 56.8 (20.9) | 57.8 (28.1) | 56.2 (17.2) | 55.9 (23.0) | 0.90 (-6.30 to 8.09) | 0.00 | 0.803 |
Extension (120°/sec) | |||||||
Peak Torque (Nm) | 80.0 (28.0) | 79.0 (30.8) | 76.5 (20.2) | 74.4 (26.8) | 1.47 (-6.51 to 9.46) | 0.00 | 0.713 |
Total Work (J) | 255.8 (87.1) | 243.5 (109.4) | 221.5 (73.0) | 203.4 (82.8) | 11.08 (-17.27 to 39.43) | 0.01 | 0.437 |
Avg. Power (W) | 79.0 (29.9) | 80.4 (40.6) | 68.6 (24.5) | 64.5 (30.5) | 4.92 (-5.18 to 15.02) | 0.02 | 0.333 |
Flexion (60°/sec) | |||||||
Peak Torque (Nm) | 77.9 (29.1) | 69.6 (29.7) | 75.7 (22.4) | 69.4 (19.8) | 1.85 (-5.71 to 9.41) | 0.00 | 0.625 |
Total Work (J) | 303.5 (119.5) | 262.9 (126.0) | 289.0 (91.8) | 237.5 (79.1) | 29.70 (0.21 to 59.19) | 0.07 | 0.048* |
Avg. Power (W) | 48.6 (18.8) | 44.7 (21.4) | 49.8 (16.1) | 43.7 (16.4) | 3.79 (-1.86 to 9.44) | 0.03 | 0.184 |
Flexion (120°/sec) | |||||||
Peak Torque (Nm) | 71.0 (25.5) | 65.3 (25.8) | 64.4 (19.7) | 58.8 (18.8) | 3.10 (-3.52 to 9.71) | 0.02 | 0.352 |
Total Work (J) | 280.5 (99.3) | 240.3 (115.1) | 219.8 (77.2) | 183.5 (69.8) | 17.26 (-11.38 to 45.90) | 0.03 | 0.232 |
Avg. Power (W) | 76.2 (31.3) | 69.0 (30.9) | 62.9 (24.8) | 53.4 (23.0) | 5.86 (-3.54 to 15.27) | 0.03 | 0.217 |
Isometric Strength Hip (kg) | |||||||
Flexion | 14.1 (4.3) | 15.2 (5.4) | 20.4 (5.1) | 19.5 (4.7) | 1.26 (-1.20 to 3.71) | 0.02 | 0.309 |
Extension | 18.3 (6.9) | 20.9 (6.7) | 22.1 (7.0) | 23.0 (7.2) | 0.22 (-3.16 to 3.59) | 0.00 | 0.898 |
Abduction | 15.7 (4.8) | 16.8 (5.5) | 17.5 (5.2) | 19.1 (5.7) | -1.05 (-3.54 to 1.45) | 0.01 | 0.404 |
30 Seconds Sit to Stand Test (Rep) | 14.5 (3.9) | 15.1 (4.8) | 16.6 (3.5) | 17.5 (6.4) | -0.38 (-2.15 to 1.40) | 0.00 | 0.673 |
IPAQ (METmin/week) | 2941.6 (3049.1) | 3123.3 (2468.4) | 3135.3 (1836.4) | 4517.2 (3398.6) | -1291.93 (-2491.99 to -91.88) | 0.08 | 0.035* |
PAM-13 (0–100) | 66.9 (11.5) | 66.9 (10.7) | 70.3 (10.6) | 65.7 (11.0) | 4.67 (-0.19 to 9.53) | 0.06 | 0.059 |