Figure 3From: Rheumatoid arthritis as a hyper-endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation diseaseThe concept of hyper-endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (hyper-ERAD). In cells with functional disturbance of the ERAD system (hypo-ERAD), unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER (left). Conversely, in the hyper-ERAD status, unfolded proteins are promptly eliminated from cells, thus enhancing the ability of the ER to synthesize new proteins (right).Back to article page