Kahaleh MB, LeRoy EC: Autoimmunity and vascular involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Autoimmunity. 1999, 31: 195-214.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
LeRoy EC: Systemic sclerosis. A vascular perspective. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1996, 22: 675-694. 10.1016/S0889-857X(05)70295-7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mackiewicz Z, Sukura A, Povilenaité D, Ceponis A, Virtanen I, Hukkanen M, Konttinen YT: Increased but imbalanced expression of VEGF and its receptors has no positive effect on angiogenesis in systemic sclerosis skin. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2002, 20: 641-646.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ho ML, Veale D, Eastmond C, Nuki G, Belch J: Macrovascular disease and systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000, 59: 39-43. 10.1136/ard.59.1.39.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Veale DJ, Collidge TA, Belch JJF: Increased prevalence of symptomatic macrovascular disease in systemic-sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1995, 54: 853-855.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Alkaabi JK, Ho M, Levison R, Pullar T, Belch JJF: Rheumatoid arthritis and macrovascular disease. Rheumatology. 2003, 42: 292-297. 10.1093/rheumatology/keg083.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
De Leeuw K, Sanders JS, Stegeman C, Smit A, Kallenberg CG, Bijl M: Accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005, 64: 753-759. 10.1136/ard.2004.029033.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Esdaile JM, Abrahamowicz M, Grodzicky T, Li Y, Panaritis C, du Berger R, Côte R, Grover SA, Fortin PR, Clarke AE, Senécal JL: Traditional Framingham risk factors fail to fully account for accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2001, 44: 2331-2337. 10.1002/1529-0131(200110)44:10<2331::AID-ART395>3.0.CO;2-I.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wallberg-Jonsson S, Ohman M, Rantapaa-Dahlqvist S: Which factors are related to the presence of atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis?. Scand J Rheumatol. 2004, 33: 373-379. 10.1080/03009740410010308.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shoenfeld Y, Gerli R, Doria A, Matsuura E, Cerinic MM, Ronda N, Jara LJ, Abu-Shakra M, Meroni PL, Sherer Y: Accelerated atherosclerosis in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Circulation. 2005, 112: 3337-3347. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.507996.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ross R: Atherosclerosis – An inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999, 340: 115-126. 10.1056/NEJM199901143400207.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mayes MD, Lacey JV, Beebe-Dimmer J, Gillespie BW, Cooper B, Laing TJ, Schottenfeld D: Prevalence, incidence, survival, and disease characteristics of systemic sclerosis in a large US population. Arthritis Rheum. 2003, 48: 2246-2255. 10.1002/art.11073.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ioannidis JP, Vlachoyiannopoulos PG, Haidich AB, Medsger TA, Lucas M, Michet CJ, Kuwana M, Yasuoka H, Hoogen van den F, Te Boome L, van Laar JM, Verbeet NL, Matucci-Cerinic M, Georgountzos A, Moutsopoulos HM: Mortality in systemic sclerosis: an international meta-analysis of individual patient data. Am J Med. 2005, 118: 2-10. 10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.04.031.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Subcommittee for Scleroderma Criteria of the American Rheumatism Association Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee: Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic-sclerosis (scleroderma). Arthritis Rheum. 1980, 23: 581-590. 10.1002/art.1780230510.
Article
Google Scholar
LeRoy EC, Black C, Fleischmajer R, Jablonska S, Krieg T, Medsger TA, Rowell N, Wollheim F: Scleroderma (systemic-sclerosis) – classification, subsets and pathogenesis. J Rheumatol. 1988, 15: 202-205.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
LeRoy EC, Medsger TA: Criteria for the classification of early systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol. 2001, 28: 1573-1576.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Valentini G, Della Rossa A, Bombardieri S, Bencivelli W, Silman AJ, D'Angelo S, Cerinic MM, Belch JF, Black CM, Bruhlmann P, Czirják L, De Luca A, Drosos AA, Ferri C, Gabrielli A, Giacomelli R, Hayem G, Inanc M, McHugh NJ, Nielsen H, Rosada M, Scorza R, Stork J, Sysa A, Hoogen van den FH, Vlachoyiannopoulos PJ: European multicentre study to define disease activity criteria for systemic sclerosis. II. Identification of disease activity variables and development of preliminary activity indexes. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001, 60: 592-598. 10.1136/ard.60.6.592.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Valentini G, Bencivelli W, Bombardieri S, D'Angelo S, Della Rossa A, Silman AJ, Black CM, Czirjak L, Nielsen H, Vlachoyiannopoulos PG: European Scleroderma Study Group to define disease activity criteria for systemic sclerosis. III. Assessment of the construct validity of the preliminary activity criteria. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003, 62: 901-903. 10.1136/ard.62.9.901.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Medsger TA, Bombardieri S, Czirjak L, Scorza R, Della Rossa A, Bencivelli W: Assessment of disease severity and prognosis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2003, 21: S42-S46.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Blaauw J, van Pampus MG, van Doormaal JJ, Fokkema MR, Fidler V, Smit AJ, Aarnoudse JG: Increased intima-media thickness after early-onset preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2006, 107: 1345-1351.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Selzer RH, Hodis HN, Kwong-Fu H, Mack WJ, Lee PL, Liu CR, Liu CH: Evaluation of computerized edge tracking for quantifying intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery from B-mode ultrasound images. Atherosclerosis. 1994, 111: 1-11. 10.1016/0021-9150(94)90186-4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lekakis J, Mavrikakis M, Papamichael C, Papazoglou S, Economou O, Scotiniotis I, Stamatelopoulos K, Vemmos C, Stamatelopoulos S, Moulopoulos S: Short-term estrogen administration improves abnormal endothelial function in women with systemic sclerosis and Raynaud's phenomenon. Am Heart J. 1998, 136: 905-912. 10.1016/S0002-8703(98)70137-1.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kaloudi O, Basta G, Perfetto F, Bartoli F, Del Rosso A, Miniati I, Conforti ML, Generini S, Guiducci S, Abbate R, Pignone A, Castellani S, Livi R, De Caterina R, Matucci-Cerinic M: Circulating levels of Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine are increased in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007, 46: 412-416. 10.1093/rheumatology/kel076.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Bartoli F, Angotti C, Fatini C, Conforti ML, Guiducci S, Blagojevic J, Melchiorre D, Fiori G, Generini S, Damjanov N, Rednic S, Pignone A, Castellani S, Abbate R, Matucci Cerinic M: Angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D polymorphism and macrovascular disease in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007, 46: 772-775. 10.1093/rheumatology/kel433.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Bartoli F, Blagojevic J, Bacci M, Fiori G, Tempestini A, Conforti ML, Guiducci S, Miniati I, Di Chicco M, Del Rosso A, Perfetto F, Castellani S, Pignone A, Cerinic MM: Flow-mediated vasodilation and carotid intima-media thickness in systemic sclerosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007, 1108: 283-290. 10.1196/annals.1422.030.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cheng KS, Tiwari A, Boutin A, Denton CP, Black CM, Morris R, Hamilton G, Seifalian AM: Carotid and femoral arterial wall mechanics in scleroderma. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2003, 42: 1299-1305. 10.1093/rheumatology/keg371.
Article
Google Scholar
Cheng KS, Tiwari A, Boutin A, Denton CP, Black CM, Morris R, Seifalian AM, Hamilton G: Differentiation of primary and secondary Raynaud's disease by carotid arterial stiffness. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2003, 25: 336-341. 10.1053/ejvs.2002.1845.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Szucs G, Tímár O, Szekanecz Z, Dér H, Kerekes G, Szamosi S, Shoenfeld Y, Szegedi G, Soltész P: Endothelial dysfunction precedes atherosclerosis in systemic sclerosis. Relevance for prevention of vascular complications. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007, 46: 759-762. 10.1093/rheumatology/kel426.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kang S, Wu Y, Li X: Effects of statin therapy on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis. 2004, 177: 433-442. 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.08.005.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kuwana M: Potential benefit of statins for vascular disease in systemic sclerosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2006, 18: 594-600. 10.1097/01.bor.0000245720.02512.3e.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Petri M, Lakatta C, Magder L, Goldman D: Effect of prednisone and hydroxychloroquine on coronary artery disease risk factors in systemic lupus erythematosus: a longitudinal data analysis. Am J Med. 1994, 96: 254-259. 10.1016/0002-9343(94)90151-1.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Doria A, Shoenfeld Y, Wu R, Gambari PF, Puato M, Ghirardello A, Gilburd B, Corbanese S, Patnaik M, Zampieri S, Peter JB, Favaretto E, Iaccarino L, Sherer Y, Todesco S, Pauletto P: Risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis in a prospective cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003, 62: 1071-1077. 10.1136/ard.62.11.1071.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Roman MJ, Shanker B, Davis A, Lockshin MD, Sammaritano L, Simantov R, Crow MK, Schwartz JE, Paget SA, Devereux RB, Salmon JE: Prevalence and correlates of accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med. 2003, 349: 2399-2406. 10.1056/NEJMoa035471.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Folsom AR, Aleksic N, Catellier D, Juneja HS, Wu KK: C-reactive protein and incident coronary heart disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study. Am Heart J. 2002, 144: 233-238. 10.1067/mhj.2002.124054.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ridker PM, Cushman M, Stampfer MJ, Tracy RP, Hennekens CH: Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and risk of developing peripheral vascular disease. Circulation. 1998, 97: 425-428.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kucharz EJ, Grucka-Mamczar E, Mamczar A, Brzezinska-Wcislo L: Acute-phase proteins in patients with systemic sclerosis. Clin Rheumatol. 2000, 19: 165-166. 10.1007/s100670050039.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Valentini G, Silman AJ, Veale D: Assessment of disease activity. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2003, 21: S39-S41.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
De Leeuw K, Freire B, Smit AJ, Bootsma H, Kallenberg CG, Bijl M: Traditional and non-traditional risk factors contribute to the development of accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2006, 15: 675-682. 10.1177/0961203306069972.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Poredos P: Intima-media thickness: indicator of cardiovascular risk and measure of the extent of atherosclerosis. Vasc Med. 2004, 9: 46-54. 10.1191/1358863x04vm514ra.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Simon A, Gariepy J, Chironi G, Megnien JL, Levenson J: Intima-media thickness: a new tool for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular risk. J Hypertens. 2002, 20: 159-169. 10.1097/00004872-200202000-00001.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lorenz MW, Markus HS, Bots ML, Rosvall M, Sitzer M: Prediction of clinical cardiovascular events with carotid intima-media thickness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation. 2007, 115: 459-467. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.628875.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar