Petterson SC, Barrance P, Buchanan T, Binder-Macleod S, Snyder-Mackler L. Mechanisms underlying quadriceps weakness in knee osteoarthritis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40:422–7.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Young A. Current issues in arthrogenous inhibition. Ann Rheum Dis. 1993;52:829–34.
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hurley MV. The effects of joint damage on muscle function, proprioception and rehabilitation. Man Ther. 1997;2:11–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rice DA, McNair PJ. Quadriceps arthrogenic muscle inhibition: neural mechanisms and treatment perspectives. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2010;40:250–66.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hurley MV, Jones DW, Newham DJ. Arthrogenic quadriceps inhibition and rehabilitation of patients with extensive traumatic knee injuries. Clin Sci. 1994;86:305–10.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Felson DT, Niu J, McClennan C, Sack B, Aliabadi P, Hunter DJ, et al. Knee buckling: prevalence, risk factors, and associated limitations in function. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:534–40.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Keays SL, Bullock-Saxton JE, Newcombe P, Keays AC. The relationship between knee strength and functional stability before and after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Res. 2003;21:231–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ericsson YB, Roos EM, Dahlberg L. Muscle strength, functional performance, and self-reported outcomes four years after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy in middle-aged patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;55:946–52.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Slemenda C, Heilman DK, Brandt KD, Katz BP, Mazzuca SA, Braunstein EM, et al. Reduced quadriceps strength relative to body weight: a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis in women? Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41:1951–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McNair PJ, Marshall RN, Maguire K. Swelling of the knee joint: effects of exercise on quadriceps muscle strength. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77:896–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Spencer JD, Hayes KC, Alexander IJ. Knee joint effusion and quadriceps reflex inhibition in man. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1984;65:171–7.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rice D, McNair PJ, Dalbeth N. Effects of cryotherapy on arthrogenic muscle inhibition using an experimental model of knee swelling. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61:78–83.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wood L, Ferrell WR. Fluid compartmentation and articular mechanoreceptor discharge in the cat knee joint. Q J Exp Physiol. 1985;70:329–35.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grigg A, Hoffman AH, Fogarty KE. Properties of Golgi-Mazzoni afferents in cat knee joint capsule, as revealed by mechanical studies of isolated joint capsule. J Neurophysiol. 1982;47:31–40.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fahrer H, Rentsch HU, Gerber NJ, Beyeler C, Hess CW, Grunig B. Knee effusion and reflex inhibition of the quadriceps. A bar to effective retraining. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1988;70:635–8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Geborek P, Mansson B, Wollheim FA, Moritz U. Intraarticular corticosteroid injection into rheumatoid arthritis knees improves extensor muscles strength. Rheumatol Int. 1990;9:265–70.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Park J, Hopkins JT. Induced anterior knee pain immediately reduces involuntary and voluntary quadriceps activation. Clin J Sport Med. 2013;23:19–24.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Henriksen M, Rosager S, Aaboe J, Graven-Nielsen T, Bliddal H. Experimental knee pain reduces muscle strength. J Pain. 2011;12:460–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schaible HG, Richter F, Ebersberger A, Boettger MK, Vanegas H, Natura G, et al. Joint pain. Exp Brain Res. 2009;196:153–62.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lundberg A, Malmgren K, Schomburg ED. Reflex pathways from group II muscle afferents. 1. Distribution and linkage of reflex actions to alpha-motoneurones. Exp Brain Res. 1987;65:271–81.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
You HJ, Dahl Morch C, Chen J, Arendt-Nielsen L. Simultaneous recordings of wind-up of paired spinal dorsal horn nociceptive neuron and nociceptive flexion reflex in rats. Brain Res. 2003;960:235–45.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schaible HG, Schmidt RF, Willis WD. Responses of spinal cord neurones to stimulation of articular afferent fibres in the cat. J Physiol. 1986;372:575–93.
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Woolf CJ, Wall PD. Relative effectiveness of C primary afferent fibers of different origins in evoking a prolonged facilitation of the flexor reflex in the rat. J Neurosci. 1986;6:1433–42.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ferrell WR, Wood L, Baxendale RH. The effect of acute joint inflammation on flexion reflex excitability in the decerebrate, low-spinal cat. Q J Exp Physiol. 1988;73:95–102.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Leroux A, Belanger M, Boucher JP. Pain effect on monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex inhibition. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995;76:576–82.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Courtney CA, Durr RK, Emerson-Kavchak AJ, Witte EO, Santos MJ. Heightened flexor withdrawal responses following ACL rupture are enhanced by passive tibial translation. Clin Neurophysiol. 2011;122:1005–10.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Courtney CA, Lewek MD, Witte PO, Chmell SJ, Hornby TG. Heightened flexor withdrawal responses in subjects with knee osteoarthritis. J Pain. 2009;10:1242–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Magee DJ. Orthopaedic physical assessment. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2006.
Google Scholar
Rhudy JL, France CR. Defining the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) threshold in human participants: A comparison of different scoring criteria. Pain. 2007;128:244–53.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sandrini G, Alfonsi E, Bono G, Facchinetti F, Montalbetti L, Nappi G. Circadian variations of human flexion reflex. Pain. 1986;25:403–10.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Drust B, Waterhouse J, Atkinson G, Edwards B, Reilly T. Circadian rhythms in sports performance--an update. Chronobiol Int. 2005;22:21–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chakravarty K, Pharoah PD, Scott DG. A randomized controlled study of post-injection rest following intra-articular steroid therapy for knee synovitis. Br J Rheumatol. 1994;33:464–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Spadoni GF, Stratford PW, Solomon PE, Wishart LR. The evaluation of change in pain intensity: a comparison of the P4 and single-item numeric pain rating scales. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2004;34:187–93.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stratford PW, Dogra M, Woodhouse L, Kennedy DM, Spadoni GF. Validating self-report measures of pain and function in patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty. Physiother Can. 2009;61:189–94. discussion 195–186.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lewis GN, Rice DA, Jourdain K, McNair PJ. Influence of stimulation location and posture on the reliability and comfort of the nociceptive flexion reflex. Pain Res Manag. 2012;17:110–4.
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
France CR, France JL, al’Absi M, Ring C, McIntyre D. Catastrophizing is related to pain ratings, but not nociceptive flexion reflex threshold. Pain. 2002;99:459–63.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dowman R. Possible startle response contamination of the spinal nociceptive withdrawal reflex. Pain. 1992;49:187–97.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brown LE, Weir JP. ASEP procedures recommendation I: Accurate assessment of muscular strength and power. J Exerc Physiol. 2001;4:1–21.
Google Scholar
Keating JL, Matyas TA. The influence of subject and test design on dynamometric measurements of extremity muscles. Phys Ther. 1996;76:866–89.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rice DA, McNair PJ, Lewis GN, Dalbeth N. Quadriceps arthrogenic muscle inhibition: the effects of experimental knee joint effusion on motor cortex excitability. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16:502.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hopkins JT, Ingersoll CD, Krause BA, Edwards JE, Cordova ML. Effect of knee joint effusion on quadriceps and soleus motoneuron pool excitability. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33:123–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Iles JF, Stokes M, Young A. Reflex actions of knee joint afferents during contraction of the human quadriceps. Clin Physiol. 1990;10:489–500.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schaible HG, Schmidt RF. Effects of an experimental arthritis on the sensory properties of fine articular afferent units. J Neurophysiol. 1985;54:1109–22.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
He X, Proske U, Schaible HG, Schmidt RF. Acute inflammation of the knee joint in the cat alters responses of flexor motoneurons to leg movements. J Neurophysiol. 1988;59:326–40.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Johansson A, Hao J, Sjolund B. Local corticosteroid application blocks transmission in normal nociceptive C-fibres. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1990;34:335–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ostergaard M, Stoltenberg M, Gideon P, Sorensen K, Henriksen O, Lorenzen I. Changes in synovial membrane and joint effusion volumes after intraarticular methylprednisolone. Quantitative assessment of inflammatory and destructive changes in arthritis by MRI. J Rheumatol. 1996;23:1151–61.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Staud R, Nagel S, Robinson ME, Price DD. Enhanced central pain processing of fibromyalgia patients is maintained by muscle afferent input: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Pain. 2009;145:96–104.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Graven-Nielsen T, Wodehouse T, Langford RM, Arendt-Nielsen L, Kidd BL. Normalization of widespread hyperesthesia and facilitated spatial summation of deep-tissue pain in knee osteoarthritis patients after knee replacement. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64:2907–16.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jorgensen TS, Graven-Nielsen T, Ellegaard K, Danneskiold-Samsoe B, Bliddal H, Henriksen M. Intra-articular analgesia and steroid reduce pain sensitivity in knee OA patients: an interventional cohort study. Pain Res Treat. 2014;710490:1–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Herrero JF, Cervero F. Changes in nociceptive reflex facilitation during carrageenan-induced arthritis. Brain Res. 1996;717:62–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kosek E, Ordeberg G. Lack of pressure pain modulation by heterotopic noxious conditioning stimulation in patients with painful osteoarthritis before, but not following, surgical pain relief. Pain. 2000;88:69–78.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Le Bars D. The whole body receptive field of dorsal horn multireceptive neurones. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2002;40:29–44.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Seynnes OR, de Boer M, Narici MV. Early skeletal muscle hypertrophy and architectural changes in response to high-intensity resistance training. J Appl Physiol. 2007;102:368–73.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bearne LM, Scott DL, Hurley MV. Exercise can reverse quadriceps sensorimotor dysfunction that is associated with rheumatoid arthritis without exacerbating disease activity. Rheumatology. 2002;41:157–66.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pietrosimone BG, Hertel J, Ingersoll CD, Hart JM, Saliba SA. Voluntary quadriceps activation deficits in patients with tibiofemoral osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. PM R. 2011;3:153–62.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hakkinen A, Pakarinen A, Hannonen P, Kautiainen H, Nyman K, Kraemer WJ, et al. Effects of prolonged combined strength and endurance training on physical fitness, body composition and serum hormones in women with rheumatoid arthritis and in healthy controls. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2005;23:505–12.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lemmey AB, Marcora SM, Chester K, Wilson S, Casanova F, Maddison PJ. Effects of high-intensity resistance training in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61:1726–34.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Petersen SG, Beyer N, Hansen M, Holm L, Aagaard P, Mackey AL, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug or glucosamine reduced pain and improved muscle strength with resistance training in a randomized controlled trial of knee osteoarthritis patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92:1185–93.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pietrosimone BG, Saliba SA, Hart JM, Hertel J, Kerrigan DC, Ingersoll CD. Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and therapeutic exercise on quadriceps activation in people with tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2011;41:4–12.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pietrosimone BG, Hart JM, Saliba SA, Hertel J, Ingersoll CD. Immediate effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and focal knee joint cooling on quadriceps activation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41:1175–81.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ronchetti IP, Guerra D, Taparelli F, Boraldi F, Bergamini G, Mori G, et al. Morphological analysis of knee synovial membrane biopsies from a randomized controlled clinical study comparing the effets of sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) and methylprednisolone acetate (Depomedrol) in osteoarthritis. Rheumatology. 2001;40:158–69.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
af Klint E, Grundtman C, Engstrom M, Catrina AI, Makrygiannakis D, Klareskog L, et al. Intraarticular glucocorticoid treatment reduces inflammation in synovial cell infiltrations more efficiently than in synovial blood vessels. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:3880–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gheorghe KR, Korotkova M, Catrina AI, Backman L, af Klint E, Claesson HE, et al. Expression of 5-lipoxygenase and 15-lipoxygenase in rheumatoid arthritis synovium and effects of intraarticular glucocorticoids. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11:R83.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fransen M, Crosbie J, Edmonds J. Isometric muscle force measurement for clinicians treating patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;49:29–35.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jones A, Doherty M. Intra-articular corticosteroids are effective in osteoarthritis but there are no clinical predictors of response. Ann Rheum Dis. 1996;55:829–32.
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bellamy N, Campbell J, Robinson V, Gee T, Bourne R, Wells G. Intraarticular corticosteroid for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;2:CD005328.
PubMed
Google Scholar