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Response to: “Monosodium urate crystal deposition associated with the progress of radiographic grade at the sacroiliac joint in axial SpA: a dual-energy CT study”
Arthritis Research & Therapy volume 20, Article number: 28 (2018)
The Original Article was published on 02 May 2017
We read with great interest the article by Zhu et al. [1] entitled “Monosodium urate crystal deposition associated with the progress of radiographic grade at the sacroiliac joint in axial SpA: a dual-energy CT study” which was published in Arthritis Research & Therapy in May 2017. We congratulate the authors on attempting to verify gouty deposits at the sacroiliac joint in axial SpA patients using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), a relatively new imaging method to detect gouty deposits.
Deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) in the spine is a rare manifestation of gout, and only case and series reports exist in the literature [2].
Axial SpA patients without gout and with no hyperuricemia were included in this study; however, a case–control group would be of interest to compare results with gout patients and with nonaxial SpA patients in order to elucidate the prevalence of spinal gout involvement, which is actually unknown [2].
In addition, matters of concern arise when considering the presented figures.
DECT artifacts according to ACR/EULAR guidelines have to be differentiated from gouty deposits when submillimeter deposits, skin deposits, deposits obscured by motion, beam hardening, and vascular artifact are present [3, 4].
Submillimeter artifacts may be single or may form part of a diffuse pattern of the scatter. They are thought to occur as a result of and as a form of noise [4].
Furthermore, it has been shown recently using DECT that MSU crystal deposition is generally present within the joint, on the bone surface, and within bone erosion, but is not observed within bone in the absence of a cortical break [5]. Interestingly, the green DECT pixels presented in the figures (rated as MSU deposits) are mainly depicted inside the sacrum and the iliac bone, and not in the sacroiliac joint nor pronounced on the bone surface. This is contrary to the “bone cortex concept” where MSU crystals deposit outside bone and contribute to bone erosion through an “outside-in” mechanism [5].
Abbreviations
- DECT:
-
dual-energy computed tomography
- MSU:
-
monosodium urate
References
Zhu J, Li A, Jia E, Zhou Y, Xu J, Chen S, Huang Y, Xiao X, Li J. Monosodium urate crystal deposition associated with the progress of radiographic grade at the sacroiliac joint in axial SpA: a dual-energy CT study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2017;19:83. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-017-1286-0.
Toprover M, Krasnokutsky S, Pillinger MH. Gout in the spine: imaging, diagnosis, and outcomes. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2015;17(12):70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-015-0547-7. Review
Mallinson PI, Coupal T, Reisinger C, et al. Artifacts in dual-energy CT gout protocol: a review of 50 suspected cases with an artifact identification guide. AJR. 2014;203:103–9.
Neogi T, Jansen TL, Dalbeth N, et al. 2015 Gout Classification Criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum Dis. 2015;67:2557–68.
Towiwat P, Doyle AJ, Gamble GD, Tan P, Aati O, Horne A, Stamp LK, Dalbeth N. Urate crystal deposition and bone erosion in gout: “inside-out” or “outside-in”? A dual-energy computed tomography study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2016;18(1):208. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-016-1105-z.
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Klauser, A.S., Gruber, J. Response to: “Monosodium urate crystal deposition associated with the progress of radiographic grade at the sacroiliac joint in axial SpA: a dual-energy CT study”. Arthritis Res Ther 20, 28 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-018-1524-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-018-1524-0