Ruiz-Irastorza G, Khamashta MA. Hydroxychloroquine: the cornerstone of lupus therapy. Lupus. 2008;17(4):271–3.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Bertsias G, Ioannidis JP, Boletis J, Bombardieri S, Cervera R, Dostal C, Font J, Gilboe IM, Houssiau F, Huizinga T, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus. Report of a task force of the EULAR standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(2):195–205.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
A Randomized study of the effect of withdrawing hydroxychloroquine sulfate in systemic lupus erythematosus. The Canadian hydroxychloroquine study group. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:150–4.
Article
Google Scholar
Alarcon GS, McGwin G, Bertoli AM, Fessler BJ, Calvo-Alen J, Bastian HM, Vila LM, Reveille JD, Group LS. Effect of hydroxychloroquine on the survival of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: data from LUMINA, a multiethnic US cohort (LUMINA L). Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(9):1168–72.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Petri M. Use of hydroxychloroquine to prevent thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus and in antiphospholipid antibody-positive patients. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2011;13:77–80.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Clowse ME, Magder L, Witter F, Petri M. Hydroxychloroquine in lupus pregnancy. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(11):3640–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cairoli E, Rebella M, Danese N, Garra V, Borba EF. Hydroxychloroquine reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in systemic lupus erythematosus: a longitudinal evaluation of the lipid-lowering effect. Lupus. 2012;21:1178–82.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
O'Dell JR, Mikuls TR, Taylor TH, Ahluwalia V, Brophy M, Warren SR, Lew RA, Cannella AC, Kunkel G, Phibbs CS, et al. Therapies for active rheumatoid arthritis after methotrexate failure. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(4):307–18.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Bansback N, Phibbs CS, Sun H, O'Dell JR, Brophy M, Keystone EC, Leatherman S, Mikuls TR, Anis AH. Triple therapy versus biologic therapy for active rheumatoid arthritis: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167(1):8–16.
Ruiz-Irastorza G, Ramos-Casals M, Brito-Zeron P, Khamashta MA. Clinical efficacy and side effects of antimalarials in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(1):20–8.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Dunogue B, Leroux G, Morel N, Jallouli M, Le Guern V, Piette JC, Brezin AP, Melles RB, Marmor MF. A critical review of the effects of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine on the eye. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2015;49(3):317–26.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Levy GD, Munz SJ, Paschal J, Cohen HB, Pince KJ, Peterson T. Incidence of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in 1,207 patients in a large multicenter outpatient practice. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40(8):1482–6.
Mavrikakis I, Sfikakis PP, Mavrikakis E, Rougas K, Nikolaou A, Kostopoulos C, Mavrikakis M. The incidence of irreversible retinal toxicity in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine. Ophthalmology. 2003;110(7):1321–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wolfe F, Marmor MF. Rates and predictors of hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010;62(6):775–84.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Ding HJ, Denniston AK, Rao VK, Gordon C. Hydroxychloroquine-related retinal toxicity. Rheumatology. 2016;55(6):957–67.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Bourke BJ, Jones S, Rajammal AK, Silman A, Smith R. Hydroxychloroquine and ocular toxicity recommendations on screening. The Royal College of Ophthalmologists in association with The British Society for Rheumatology and the British Association of Dermatologists. 2009.
Marmor MF, Kellner U, Lai TY, Lyons JS, Mieler WF. Revised recommendations on screening for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(2):415–22.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Melles RB, Marmor MF. The risk of toxic retinopathy in patients on long-term hydroxychloroquine therapy. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014;132(12):1453–60.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Melles RB, Marmor MF. The prevalence of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy and toxic dosing, and the role of the ophthalmologist in reducing both. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016;170:240.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Marmor MF, Kellner U, Lai TY, Melles RB, Mieler WF. American Academy of O: recommendations on screening for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy (2016 revision). Ophthalmology. 2016;123(6):1386–94.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mackenzie AH. Dose refinements in long-term therapy of rheumatoid arthritis with antimalarials. American Journal of Medicine. 1983;75:40–5.
Mavrikakis I, Sfikakis PP, Mavrikakis E, Rougas K, Nikolaou A, Kostopoulos C, Mavrikakis M. The incidence of irreversible retinal toxicity in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine: a reappraisal. Ophthalmology. 2003;110(7):1321–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Marmor MF. Hydroxychloroquine screening alert: change is in the wind. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2017;48(2):96–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kim JE, Marmor MF. Update on screening recommendations for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134(7):849.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tucker WR, Galloway J, Walsh S. The gathering storm: hydroxychloroquine retinopathy screening in the U.K. Br J Dermatol. 2017;176(6):1420–1.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Gonzalez-Suarez ML, Contreras G. Lower kidney allograft survival in African-Americans compared to Hispanic-Americans with lupus. Lupus. 2017; https://doi.org/10.1177/0961203317699287.
Marmor MF, Carr RE, Easterbrook M, Farjo AA, Mieler WF. Recommendations on screening for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy: a report by the American Academy of ophthalmology. Opthamology. 2002;109(7):1377–82.
Article
Google Scholar
Blak BT, et al. Generalisability of the health improvement network (THIN) database: demographics, chronic disease prevalence and mortality rates. Inform Prim Care. 2011;19(4):251–5.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine) [product mongraph]. Laval, Quebec, Canada: Sanofi-aventis Canada; 2018.
Devine B. Case number 25: gentamicin therapy. Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1974;8:650–5. FDB Solutions: Multilex. https://www.fdbhealth.co.uk/solutions/multilex. (Accessed date April 2017).
Rod NH, Lange T, Andersen I, Marott JL, Diderichsen F. Additive interaction in survival analysis: use of the additive hazards model. Epidemiology. 2012;23(5):733–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eo DR, Lee MG, Ham DI, Kang SW, Lee J, Cha HS, Koh E, Kim SJ. Frequency and clinical characteristics of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in Korean patients with rheumatologic diseases. J Korean Med Sci. 2017;32(3):522–7.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Kobak S, Deveci H. Retinopathy due to antimalarial drugs in patients with connective tissue diseases: are they so innocent? A single center retrospective study. Int J Rheum Dis. 2010;13(3):e11–5.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jorge A, Rai S, Choi HK. The risk of hydroxychloroquine toxic retinopathy and its risk factors in the treatment of rheumatic diseases: a systematic review [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum. 2017;69(Suppl 10)
Durcan L, Clarke WA, Magder LS, Petri M. Hydroxychloroquine blood levels in systemic lupus erythematosus: clarifying dosing controversies and improving adherence. J Rheumatol. 2015;42(11):2092–7.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet- England, 2016. NHS Digital; 2016. http://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/statistics-on-obesity-physical-activity-and-diet/statistics-on-obesity-physical-activity-and-diet-england-2016.
Walvick MD, Walvick MP, Tongson E, Ngo CH. Hydroxychloroquine: lean body weight dosing. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(10):2100. author reply 2101
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Browning DJ, Lee C, Rotberg D. The impact of different algorithms for ideal body weight on screening for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in women. Clin Ophthalmol. 2014;8:1401–7.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar