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Fig. 2 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Fig. 2

From: Assessing the causal relationships between gout and hypertension: a bidirectional Mendelian randomisation study with coarsened exposures

Fig. 2

Directed acyclic graph for the MR with coarsened exposure framework under modified assumptions. Dotted circles represent unobserved variables and complete circles represent observed variables.\(Z,\) multiple genetic IVs;\(X,\) other genetic variables;\(V,\) environmental share;\(G,\) genetic share;\(M,\) measured confounders;\(L,\) latent exposure;\(D,\) measured discrete exposure;\(Y,\) continuous or binary outcome

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Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

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