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In inflammatory processes, the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction route regulates production and expression of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. Tumor necrosis factor α (...
Recent studies investigating the genetic susceptibility of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis have revealed a potential role for the RUNX proteins in the development of autoimmune...
A variety of cytokines and growth factors use the Janus kinase (Jak)–STAT signaling pathway to transmit extracellular signals to the nucleus. STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription) are late...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 6 Supplement 2
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a member of the family of spondyloarthropathies, which are inflammatory arthritides largely involving the axial skeleton and commonly accompanied by peripheral arthritis. Genetic...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 6 Supplement 2
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a seronegative spondyloarthropathy that commonly appears after the onset of the characteristic cutaneous lesions. This complication affects about 40% of patients with moderate to s...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 6 Supplement 2
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists are biologic response modifiers that have significantly improved functional outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a progressive disease in which str...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 6 Supplement 2
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists are parenterally administered biologic response modifiers indicated for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Although infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab are a...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 6 Supplement 2
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists are biologic response modifiers that have significantly improved the outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). At this report, safety data were collected on a...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 6 Supplement 2
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists have dramatically improved the outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Three agents currently available in the USA – infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab – have been de...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 6 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 6 Supplement 2
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common human disease with a prevalence of about 1% in most parts of the world. At the time of symptom onset it is difficult to predict the severity of subsequent disease course. ...
In the present study, we have shown for the first time that a plant steroid, diosgenin, causes an inhibition of the growth of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from human rheumatoid arthritis, with apoptosis induct...
This study was performed to determine the correlation between psychiatric manifestations and several autoantibodies that might participate in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders in the course of systemic...
Prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) including isoenzymes of membrane-associated PGES (mPGES)-1, mPGES-2, and cytosolic PGES (cPGES) is the recently identified terminal enzyme of the arachidonic acid cascade. PGES ...
Human T cell leukaemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is known to be involved in late-onset chronic polyarthritis as HTLV-I-associated arthropathy. However, it is unclear whether HTLV-I infection could modify the patho...
CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells participate in the regulation of immune responses. We recently demonstrated the presence of CD25brightCD4+ regulatory T cells with a capacity to control T cell proliferation in the jo...
A consensus conference with representatives from academia, governmental agencies, and the pharmaceutical industry met and concluded that clinical trials designed to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of tre...
Apoptosis, a physiological process of controlled cell death, is essential during embryonic development and for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In recent years the view has emerged that dying cells can p...
The deciphering of the sequence of the human genome has raised the expectation of unravelling the specific role of each gene in physiology and pathology. High-throughput technologies for gene expression profil...
Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are inflammatory diseases that respond well to anti-tumour necrosis factor-α therapy. To evaluate the effects of anti-tumour necrosis factor-α treatment on expression of adhes...
Outcome assessment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) includes measurement of physical function. We derived a scale to quantify global physical function in RA, using three performance-based rheumatolog...
Microvascular injury, oxidative stress, and impaired angiogenesis are prominent features of systemic sclerosis (SSc). We compared serum markers of these phenomena at baseline and after treatment with nifedipin...
Antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) and rheumatoid factors (RFs) have been demonstrated to predate the onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by years. A nested case–control study was performed w...
Immunosenescence is associated with a decline in both T and B lymphocyte function. Although aged individuals have normal numbers of B cells in the periphery and are capable of mounting robust humoral responses...
Various genetic and environmental factors appear to be involved in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is among the environmental factors that are suspected of predisposing to SLE, bas...
The relatively new technology of DNA microarrays offers the possibility to probe the human genome for clues to the pathogenesis and treatment of human disease. While early studies using this approach were larg...
We evaluated the therapeutic effect of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)-inhibitory peptide at a cellular level on joint erosion, cartilage destruction, and synovitis in the human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) tra...
Bacterial infections play an important role in the multifactorial etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. The arthropathic properties of Gram-positive bacteria have been associated with peptidoglycan–polysaccharide ...
In this issue, Fries and Krishnan raise provocative new ideas to explain the surfeit of positive industry sponsored trials evaluating new drugs. They suggest that these trials were designed after so much preli...
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of long-term infliximab treatment on various autoantibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Serum samples from 30 consecutive patients, who wer...
The severity of antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) is decreased in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. However, joint inflammation in AIA depends on the immune response, which is impaired in ob/ob mice. In the present stud...
The development of spontaneous autoimmunity in inbred strains of rodents has allowed us to investigate the molecular basis of chronic inflammatory disease in ways that would not be possible in humans. Recently...
Antibodies directed to citrullinated proteins (e.g. anti-CCP [cyclic citrullinated peptide] antibodies) are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These antibodies are produced at the site of inflammat...
The present review attempts to reconcile the dichotomy that exists in the literature in relation to fibromyalgia, in that it is considered either a somatic response to psychological stress or a distinct organi...
Blockade of chemokines or chemokine receptors is emerging as a new potential treatment for various immune-mediated conditions. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential in rheumatoid arthritis, based on...
We investigated the therapeutic potential and mechanism of action of IFN-β protein for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Collagen-induced arthritis was induced in DBA/1 mice. At the first clinical si...
The concept of 'equipoise', or the 'uncertainty principle', has been represented as a central ethical principle, and holds that a subject may be enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) only if there is...
We investigated abnormalities of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and cortisol concentrations in women with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) who were in the follicular phase of their mens...
Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice is accompanied by splenomegaly due to the selective expansion of immature CD11b+ myeloblasts. Both disease manifestations are more pronounced in interferon-γ receptor knoc...
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the biochemical markers of arthritis and the radiographic grading of osteoarthritis (OA) in knees. Seventy-one women aged 49–85 years with knee...
Induction of oral tolerance has long been considered a promising approach to the treatment of chronic autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Oral administration of type II collagen (CII) has...
Anti-Sa antibodies are detected in the serum of 20–47% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These antibodies have a high degree of specificity for the disease, and appear to identify a subset of early rheuma...
RNA interference (RNAi) is the sequence-specific degradation of mRNA by short double-stranded RNA molecules. The technology, introduced only 5 years ago, has stimulated many fantasies regarding the future of f...
The genetic background of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is only partly understood, and several genes seem to be involved. The matrix metalloproteinases MMP1 (interstitial collagenase) and MMP3 (stromelysin 1) are tho...
Endothelial cells are active participants in chronic inflammatory diseases. These cells undergo phenotypic changes that can be characterised as activated, angiogenic, apoptotic and leaky. In the present review...
T lymphocytes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis for approximately 30 years. Over that period a vast literature has described the phenotype, location and behaviour of T cells de...
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