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  1. Six novel members of the IL-1 family of cytokines were recently identified, primarily through the use of DNA database searches for IL-1 homologues, and were named IL-1F5 to IL-1F10. In the present study, we in...

    Authors: David Magne, Gaby Palmer, Jenny L Barton, Francoise Mézin, Dominique Talabot-Ayer, Sylvette Bas, Trevor Duffy, Marcus Noger, Pierre-Andre Guerne, Martin JH Nicklin and Cem Gabay
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R80
  2. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays an important role in bone development and metabolism. To interfere therapeutically in the PGE2 pathway, however, knowledge about the involved enzymes (cyclooxygenases) and receptors ...

    Authors: Christoph Brochhausen, Pia Neuland, C James Kirkpatrick, Rolf M Nüsing and Günter Klaus
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R78
  3. Activated macrophages express a cell surface receptor for the vitamin folic acid. Because this receptor is inaccessible or not measurably expressed on other normal cells, folic acid has been recently exploited...

    Authors: Chrystal M Paulos, Bindu Varghese, William R Widmer, Gert J Breur, Erina Vlashi and Philip S Low
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R77
  4. The measurement of body fluid levels of biochemical markers in joint tissues has begun to provide clinically useful information. Synovial fluid (SF) plays an important role in articular joint lubrication, nutr...

    Authors: Susan Chubinskaya, Benjamin S Frank, Margaret Michalska, Bhavna Kumar, Charis A Merrihew, Eugene J-MA Thonar, Mary Ellen Lenz, Lori Otten, David C Rueger and Joel A Block
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R73
  5. The functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the gene PTPN22 is a susceptibility locus for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The study presented here describes the association of the PTPN22 1858T allele with R...

    Authors: Matthias Pierer, Sylke Kaltenhäuser, Sybille Arnold, Matthias Wahle, Christoph Baerwald, Holm Häntzschel and Ulf Wagner
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R75
  6. B cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), so the safety and activity of anti-B cell immunotherapy with the humanized anti-CD22 antibody epratuzumab was evaluated...

    Authors: Thomas Dörner, Joerg Kaufmann, William A Wegener, Nick Teoh, David M Goldenberg and Gerd R Burmester
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R74

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:406

  7. The aim of the present work is to compare drug survival and safety of infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab (tumor necrosis factor [TNF] antagonists) in spondylarthritis (SpA) with those of rheumatoid arthrit...

    Authors: Loreto Carmona and Juan J Gómez-Reino
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R72
  8. Prosthetic wear debris-induced peri-implant osteolysis is a major cause of aseptic loosening after total joint replacement. In this condition, wear particles released from the implant components induce a granu...

    Authors: Zhenxin Shen, Tania N Crotti, Kevin P McHugh, Kenichiro Matsuzaki, Ellen M Gravallese, Benjamin E Bierbaum and Steven R Goldring
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R70
  9. S100A8 and S100A9, two Ca2+-binding proteins of the S100 family, are secreted as a heterodimeric complex (S100A8/A9) from neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. Serum and synovial fluid levels of S100A8, S100A9, ...

    Authors: Katsue Sunahori, Masahiro Yamamura, Jiro Yamana, Kouji Takasugi, Masanori Kawashima, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Walter J Chazin, Yuichi Nakatani, Satoru Yui and Hirofumi Makino
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R69
  10. Given the lack of a serological test specific for Behçet's disease, its diagnosis rests upon clinical criteria. The clinical diagnosis is nevertheless difficult because the disease manifestations vary widely, ...

    Authors: Federica Delunardo, Fabrizio Conti, Paola Margutti, Cristiano Alessandri, Roberta Priori, Alessandra Siracusano, Rachele Riganò, Elisabetta Profumo, Guido Valesini, Maurizio Sorice and Elena Ortona
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R71
  11. Although dietary, genetic, or disease-related excesses in urate production may contribute to hyperuricemia, impaired renal excretion of uric acid is the dominant cause of hyperuricemia in the majority of patie...

    Authors: Robert Terkeltaub, David A Bushinsky and Michael A Becker
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8(Suppl 1):S4

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 8 Supplement 1

  12. Gouty arthritis is a characteristically intense acute inflammatory reaction that erupts in response to articular deposits of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Important recent molecular biologic advances in thi...

    Authors: Bruce N Cronstein and Robert Terkeltaub
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8(Suppl 1):S3

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 8 Supplement 1

  13. Gout affects more than 1% of adults in the USA, and it is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis among men. Accumulating data support an increase in the prevalence of gout that is potentially attributa...

    Authors: Kenneth G Saag and Hyon Choi
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8(Suppl 1):S2

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 8 Supplement 1

  14. First identified by the Egyptians in 2640 BC, podagra (acute gout occurring in the first metatarsophalangeal joint) was later recognized by Hippocrates in the fifth century BC, who referred to it as 'the unwal...

    Authors: George Nuki and Peter A Simkin
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8(Suppl 1):S1

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 8 Supplement 1

  15. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterised by the production of autoantibodies against ubiquitous antigens, especially nuclear components. Evidence makes it clear that the development of these autoant...

    Authors: Anthony P Manderson, Francesco Carlucci, Peter J Lachmann, Robert A Lazarus, Richard J Festenstein, H Terence Cook, Mark J Walport and Marina Botto
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R68
  16. This cross-sectional, observational study was undertaken to examine whether voluntary activation failure could contribute to the persisting weakness observed in some patients with treated idiopathic inflammato...

    Authors: Catherine B Molloy, Ahmed O Al-Omar, Kathryn T Edge and Robert G Cooper
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R67
  17. We investigated the frequency of remission according to the disease activity score (DAS28) definition, modified American Rheumatology Association (ARA) criteria, and the frequency of an achievement of a functi...

    Authors: Joachim Listing, Anja Strangfeld, Rolf Rau, Jörn Kekow, Erika Gromnica-Ihle, Thilo Klopsch, Winfried Demary, Gerd-Rüdiger Burmester and Angela Zink
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R66
  18. Outcome measures play an extremely important role in clinical trials and observational research. Outcome measures for rheumatoid arthritis cover a whole array of domains, ranging from measures describing the i...

    Authors: Robert Landewé and Désirée van der Heijde
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:107
  19. Cartilage damage in osteoarthritis (OA) is considered an imbalance between catabolic and anabolic factors, favoring the catabolic side. We assessed whether adenoviral overexpression of transforming growth fact...

    Authors: Esmeralda N Blaney Davidson, Elly L Vitters, Wim B van den Berg and Peter M van der Kraan
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R65
  20. Immune complexes (ICs) can induce production of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells via Fc receptors. Rheumatoid factor (RF) develop in response to ICs in many clinical and experimental settings. W...

    Authors: Linda Mathsson, Jon Lampa, Mohammed Mullazehi and Johan Rönnelid
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R64
  21. On the basis of their biological function, potential genetic candidates for susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis can be postulated. IFNGR1, encoding the ligand-binding chain of the receptor for interferon gamma...

    Authors: Stefan Mattyasovszky, Alla Skapenko, Joachim R Kalden, Peter E Lipsky and Hendrik Schulze-Koops
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R63
  22. Inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) is the third member of the CD28/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4 family and is involved in the proliferation and activation of T cells. A detailed functional analysis ...

    Authors: Manabu Kawamoto, Masayoshi Harigai, Masako Hara, Yasushi Kawaguchi, Katsunari Tezuka, Michi Tanaka, Tomoko Sugiura, Yasuhiro Katsumata, Chikako Fukasawa, Hisae Ichida, Satomi Higami and Naoyuki Kamatani
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R62
  23. Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common of all arthritic conditions, is a social and financial burden to all nations. The most recent research has significantly advanced our understanding of the cause of OA and r...

    Authors: Jean-Pierre Pelletier, Johanne Martel-Pelletier and Jean-Pierre Raynauld
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:206
  24. Human meniscus cells have a predominantly fibrogenic pattern of gene expression, but like chondrocytes they proliferate in monolayer culture and lose the expression of type II collagen. We have investigated th...

    Authors: Adetola B Adesida, Lisa M Grady, Wasim S Khan and Timothy E Hardingham
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R61
  25. Recently, we reported that genetic polymorphisms within the human IL18 gene were associated with disease susceptibility to adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD), which is characterized by extraordinarily high serum ...

    Authors: Tomoko Sugiura, Nobuaki Maeno, Yasushi Kawaguchi, Syuji Takei, Hiroyuki Imanaka, Yoshifumi Kawano, Hisae Terajima-Ichida, Masako Hara and Naoyuki Kamatani
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R60
  26. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the ability of conventional radiography to detect bone erosions of different sizes in metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients using magne...

    Authors: Bo Jannik Ejbjerg, Aage Vestergaard, Søren Jacobsen, Henrik Thomsen and Mikkel Østergaard
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R59
  27. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been identified as important morphogens with pleiotropic functions in regulating the development, homeostasis and repair of various tissues. The aim of this study was to...

    Authors: Carsten P Bramlage, Thomas Häupl, Christian Kaps, Ute Ungethüm, Veit Krenn, Axel Pruss, Gerhard A Müller, Frank Strutz and Gerd-R Burmester
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R58
  28. As a member of the thrombospondin gene family, cartilage oligomeric protein (COMP) is found mainly in the extracellular matrix often associated with cartilage tissue. COMP exhibits a wide binding repertoire an...

    Authors: Sebastian Koelling, Till Sebastian Clauditz, Matthias Kaste and Nicolai Miosge
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R56
  29. The objective of this work was to assess the convergent validity of a previously developed rheumatoid arthritis medical records-based index of severity (RARBIS) by comparing it with the 28-joint Disease Activi...

    Authors: Masayo Sato, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Richard Scranton, Jeffrey N Katz, Michael E Weinblatt, Jerry Avorn, Gladys Ting, Nancy A Shadick and Daniel H Solomon
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R57
  30. A recent genetic association study has identified a microsatellite in the coding sequence of the asporin gene as a susceptibility factor for osteoarthritis (OA). Alleles of this microsatellite determine the va...

    Authors: Julio Rodriguez-Lopez, Manuel Pombo-Suarez, Myriam Liz, Juan J Gomez-Reino and Antonio Gonzalez
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R55
  31. Bone marrow CD34+ cells from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have abnormal capacities to respond to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and to differentiate into fibroblast-like cells producing matrix metalloprot...

    Authors: Shunsei Hirohata, Yasushi Miura, Tetsuya Tomita, Hideki Yoshikawa, Takahiro Ochi and Nicholas Chiorazzi
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R54
  32. Prior studies demonstrate that adenosine, acting at one or more of its receptors, mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of methotrexate in animal models of both acute and chronic inflammation. Both adenosine A2A

    Authors: M Carmen Montesinos, Avani Desai and Bruce N Cronstein
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R53
  33. Signs of inflammation and destruction in the finger joints are the principal features of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There are few studies assessing the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in detecti...

    Authors: Marcin Szkudlarek, Mette Klarlund, Eva Narvestad, Michel Court-Payen, Charlotte Strandberg, Karl E Jensen, Henrik S Thomsen and Mikkel Østergaard
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R52
  34. B cell-activating factor (BAFF) has a key role in promoting B-lymphocyte activation and survival in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The cellular origin of BAFF overexpression in salivary glands of patients w...

    Authors: Marc Ittah, Corinne Miceli-Richard, Jacques- Eric Gottenberg, Frédéric Lavie, Thierry Lazure, Nathalie Ba, Jérémie Sellam, Christine Lepajolec and Xavier Mariette
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R51
  35. This study focuses upon three chemokines, namely CCL5, CXCL10 and CCL3, which are potential novel therapeutic targets in arthritis. The aim of the study was to analyse the expression and production of these th...

    Authors: Daniel S Pharoah, Hemlata Varsani, Richard W Tatham, Katy R Newton, Wilco de Jager, Berent J Prakken, Nigel Klein and Lucy R Wedderburn
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R50
  36. We analyzed the activation and function of dendritic cells (DCs) in the spleens of diseased, lupus-prone NZM2410 and NZB-W/F1 mice and age-matched BALB/c and C57BL/6 control mice. Lupus DCs showed an altered ex v...

    Authors: Lucrezia Colonna, Joudy-Ann Dinnall, Debra K Shivers, Lorenza Frisoni, Roberto Caricchio and Stefania Gallucci
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R49
  37. Effectiveness of therapy with individual disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is limited, and the number of available DMARDs is finite. Therefore, at some stage during th...

    Authors: Theresa Kapral, Tanja Stamm, Klaus P Machold, Karin Montag, Josef S Smolen and Daniel Aletaha
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R46
  38. The immunomodulatory role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is well known. An association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene BsmI polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been reported. To examine th...

    Authors: Wilaiporn Sakulpipatsin, Oravan Verasertniyom, Kanokrat Nantiruj, Kitti Totemchokchyakarn, Porntawee Lertsrisatit and Suchela Janwityanujit
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R48
  39. In recent years microarray technology has been used increasingly to acquire knowledge about the pathogenic processes involved in rheumatoid arthritis. The present study investigated variations in gene expressi...

    Authors: Johan Lindberg, Erik af Klint, Ann-Kristin Ulfgren, André Stark, Tove Andersson, Peter Nilsson, Lars Klareskog and Joakim Lundeberg
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R47
  40. Collagen-induced arthritis in mice is one of the most commonly used autoimmune experimental models, with many similarities to rheumatoid arthritis. Since collagen-induced arthritis is a complex polygenic disea...

    Authors: Maria Liljander, Mary-Ann Sällström, Sara Andersson, Åsa Andersson, Rikard Holmdahl and Ragnar Mattsson
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R45
  41. Antimalarial agents have been widely used as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other rheumatological diseases, although their mechanism of action ...

    Authors: Patricia López, Jesús Gómez, Lourdes Mozo, Carmen Gutiérrez and Ana Suárez
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R42
  42. Macrophage-like synoviocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are known as the most active cells of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and are close to the articular cartilage in a position enabling them to invad...

    Authors: Ping Zhu, Ning Lu, Zhan-guo Shi, Jun Zhou, Zhen-biao Wu, Yong Yang, Jin Ding and Zhi-nan Chen
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R44
  43. The chemokine CXCL12 (also known as stromal cell-derived factor, SDF-1) is constitutively expressed by stromal resident cells and is involved in the homeostatic and inflammatory traffic of leukocytes. Binding ...

    Authors: Begoña Santiago, Françoise Baleux, Guillermo Palao, Irene Gutiérrez-Cañas, Juan C Ramírez, Fernando Arenzana-Seisdedos and José L Pablos
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R43
  44. Osteoarthritis is a disease of multifactorial aetiology characterised by progressive breakdown of articular cartilage. In the early stages of the disease, changes become apparent in the superficial zone of art...

    Authors: Allan A Young, Susan McLennan, Margaret M Smith, Susan M Smith, Martin A Cake, Richard A Read, James Melrose, David H Sonnabend, Carl R Flannery and Christopher B Little
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R41
  45. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of serially determined anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies for predicting structural joint damage in patients with early rheumatoid arth...

    Authors: Olivier Meyer, Pascale Nicaise-Roland, Marie dos Santos, Colette Labarre, Maxime Dougados, Philippe Goupille, Alain Cantagrel, Jean Sibilia and Bernard Combe
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R40

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