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  1. The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is a well-recognised animal model of spontaneous autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The disease is T-cell mediated, involving both CD4 and CD8 cells. Its progress...

    Authors: Jean-François Bach
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 3):S3
    Content type: Review Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 3

  3. We have recently found that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are targets for T-cell and B-cell reactivity in experimental arthritis. In the present article, we investigate whether modulation of MMP-specific T-...

    Authors: Jolanda HM van Bilsen, Josée PA Wagenaar-Hilbers, Maarten JF van der Cammen, Mariska EA van Dijk, Willem van Eden and Marca HM Wauben
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:R2
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The influence of HLA DRB1 alleles on B-cell homeostasis was analyzed in 164 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The percentages of CD19+ B lymphocytes determined in the peripheral circulation of 94 retrospec...

    Authors: Ulf Wagner, Sylke Kaltenhäuser, Matthias Pierer, Bernd Wilke, Sybille Arnold and Holm Häntzschel
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:R1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Autoantibodies are proven useful diagnostic tools for a variety of rheumatic and non-rheumatic autoimmune disorders. However, a highly specific marker autoantibody for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has not yet bee...

    Authors: Günter Steiner and Josef Smolen
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 2):S1
    Content type: Supplement Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 2

  6. Early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) combined with early initiation of an appropriate treatment regimen is acknowledged as an important factor in improving clinical outcomes in patients with RA. Early ...

    Authors: Paul Emery
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 2):S6
    Content type: Supplement Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 2

  7. Bone-resorbing osteoclasts are formed from hemopoietic cells of the monocyte–macrophage lineage under the control of bone-forming osteoblasts. We have cloned an osteoblast-derived factor essential for osteocla...

    Authors: Nobuyuki Udagawa, Shigeru Kotake, Naoyuki Kamatani, Naoyuki Takahashi and Tatsuo Suda
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:281
    Content type: Review Published on:

  8. Although functional outcome is frequently discussed and written about, it is often not clear what functional outcome is and how it can be measured. This paper introduces the concept of latent and observed meas...

    Authors: Frederick Wolfe
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 2):S11
    Content type: Supplement Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 2

  11. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a natural IL-1 inhibitor possessing anti-inflammatory properties. IL-1Ra is produced as different isoforms, one secreted (sIL-1Ra) and three intracellular (icIL-1R...

    Authors: Gaby Palmer, Pierre-Andre Guerne, Francoise Mezin, Michel Maret, Jerome Guicheux, Mary B Goldring and Cem Gabay
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:226
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Proteinase-3 (PR-3) is a neutral serine proteinase present in azurophil granules of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and serves as the major target antigen of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies with a cyt...

    Authors: Holger Brockmann, Andreas Schwarting, Jörg Kriegsmann, Peter Petrow, Andreas Gaumann, Klaus-Michael Müller, Peter Robert Galle and Werner Mayet
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:220
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. We are developing retroviral-mediated gene transfer to human fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLS) as one approach to characterizing genetic pathways involved in synoviocyte pathophysiology. Prior work has sugg...

    Authors: Jianmin Yang, Michael S Friedman, Huimin Bian, Leslie J Crofford, Blake Roessler and Kevin T McDonagh
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:215
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. In chronic inflammatory foci, such as the rheumatoid joint, there is enhanced recruitment of phagocytes from the blood into the tissues. Chemokines are strongly implicated in directing the migration of these c...

    Authors: Angela M Patterson, Caroline Schmutz, Scott Davis, Lucy Gardner, Brian A Ashton and Jim Middleton
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:209
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Angiopoietins (Ang) are vascular endothelial cell-specific growth factors that play important roles principally during the later stages of angiogenesis. We have compared the distribution of the receptor tyrosi...

    Authors: Shiva Shahrara, Michael V Volin, Matthew A Connors, G Kenneth Haines and Alisa E Koch
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:201
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Although early antibiotic treatment of patients with septic arthritis eradicates bacteria, joint destruction commonly results from the unregulated host inflammatory responses to infection. The spin trap compou...

    Authors: Egidija Sakiniene and L Vincent Collins
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:196
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein and the main triggering element of blood coagulation. TF expression on monocytes and endothelial cells is induced by exposure to endotoxin, tumor necrosis fac...

    Authors: Maria I Bokarewa, James H Morrissey and Andrej Tarkowski
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:190
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. The aim of this study was to analyze the differential effects of three anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (with distinct epitope specifities) in the treatment of rat adjuvant arthritis (AA) and on T-cell fu...

    Authors: Dirk Pohlers, Carsten B Schmidt-Weber, Angels Franch, Jürgen Kuhlmann, Rolf Bräuer, Frank Emmrich and Raimund W Kinne
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:184
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. A study was done to determine if the differentiation and activation phenotype of T cells in synovial fluid (SF) from patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is associated with T-cell proliferation in si...

    Authors: Antony PB Black, Hansha Bhayani, Clive AJ Ryder, Janet MM Gardner-Medwin and Taunton R Southwood
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:177
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem connective tissue disease characterised phenotypically by fibrosis and ischaemic atrophy. Its aetiology is most likely multifactorial. A genetic predisposition to the ...

    Authors: Ariane L Herrick and Jane Worthington
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:165
    Content type: Review Published on:

  21. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-8 and MMP-13 are interstitial collagenases that degrade type II collagen in cartilage; this is a committed step in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrit...

    Authors: Matthew P Vincenti and Constance E Brinckerhoff
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:157
    Content type: Review Published on:

  22. IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine produced by lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells; it regulates immune responses, acute-phase reactions, and inflammation. IL-6 signaling is mediated exclusively by the common signa...

    Authors: Tetsuji Naka and Tadamitsu Kishimoto
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:154
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  23. The use of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) to reduce serum cholesterol is well described. However, the recent finding that statins have direct effects on bone was unexpecte...

    Authors: Christopher J Edwards and Tim D Spector
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:151
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  24. It is not known to what extent glucocorticoid hormones cause their anti-inflammatory actions and their undesirable side effects by the same or different molecular mechanisms. Glucocorticoids combine with a cyt...

    Authors: Jeremy Saklatvala
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:146
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  30. Several agents show an effect on reducing radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis. It is tempting to retrospectively compare the effects of these agents on radiographic progression across clinical tri...

    Authors: Désirée van der Heijde
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 2):S29
    Content type: Supplement Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 2

  31. Since the initial characterization of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), it has become clear that TNFα has diverse biologic activity. The realization that TNFα plays a role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has le...

    Authors: Ravinder N Maini and Marc Feldmann
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 2):S22
    Content type: Supplement Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 2

  32. With the introduction of new disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and other therapeutic agents, the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has shifted toward earlier, more aggressive therapy. The ul...

    Authors: Ferdinand C Breedveld
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 2):S16
    Content type: Supplement Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 2

  34. Despite the recent introduction of biological response modifiers and potent new small-molecule antirheumatic drugs, the efficacy of methotrexate is nearly unsurpassed in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis...

    Authors: Edwin SL Chan and Bruce N Cronstein
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:266
    Content type: Review Published on:

  36. Regulatory T cells prevent autoimmunity by suppressing the reactivity of potentially aggressive self-reactive T cells. Contact-dependent CD4+ CD25+ 'professional' suppressor cells and other cytokine-producing CD4

    Authors: David A Horwitz, J Dixon Gray and Song Guo Zheng
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:241
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  42. Tendon pathology has many manifestations, from spontaneous rupture to chronic tendinitis or tendinosis; the etiology and pathology of each are very different, and poorly understood. Tendon is a comparatively p...

    Authors: Steven A Fenwick, Brian L Hazleman and Graham P Riley
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:252
    Content type: Review Published on:
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